Važnost novca kao oblika prosuđivanja vlasništva nad imovinom osobe poznata je još od kasnog kamenog doba. Počelo je s kamenim grumenima, zatim željeznim pločama, zatim zlatnicima i srebrnicima, a sada papirnatim i elektroničkim novcem. Jedna značajna činjenica je da se kroz vremensku liniju povećavao broj novca koji su ljudi posjedovali, a vrijednost svake jedinice opadala. To se događalo do faze kada je bankovni sustav morao konačno digitalizirati svoju valutu, a sve je pohranjeno u pričuvnim bankama u digitaliziranom obliku. Jedan korak ispred dnevnog reda je koncept kriptovaluta^{(Cryptocurrencies)} . To se razlikuje od novca pohranjenog u bankama kojem se može pristupiti neizravno putem debitnih/kreditnih kartica i internetskog bankarstva.

Što je kriptovaluta

Kriptovaluta je internetska verzija novca, točnije ^{(Cryptocurrency)}digitalna imovina^{(digital asset)} . Naziv je izveden iz kriptografije^{(Cryptography)} , koja se koristi za šifriranje transakcija i kontrolu proizvodnje valute. To je strogo nadgledan proces, jer koristi Blockchain tehnologiju^{(Blockchain Technology)} .

Vrlo jednostavno rečeno, Blockchain tehnologija je distribuirana baza podataka koja se koristi za upravljanje i održavanje rastućeg popisa blokova podataka, koristeći P2P mrežu^{(P2P network)} zajedno. Ovi blokovi podataka mogu biti smješteni na različitim mjestima i nisu povezani s istim procesorom^(Processor) . Baza podataka^(database) je zbirka zapisa. Distribuirana baza podataka^{(distributed database)} je ona koja se može nalaziti na različitim mjestima i nije povezana sa zajedničkim procesorom^(Processor) – ali može biti smještena na istim ili različitim fizičkim lokacijama i raspršena preko računalne mreže. U Blockchainu^(Blockchain) , nakon što je dio podataka snimljen, ne može se normalno uređivati ​​ili mijenjati.

Iako ranije zanemarene, banke i financijske institucije i tvrtke sve su svjesnije njegove važnosti. Umjesto toga, imaju strah da će izgubiti svoje tržište ' digitalne gotovine^{(digital cash)} ' zbog nove valute.

Iako ga sigurnost i jednostavnost razmjene čine idealnim medijem monetarne razmjene za budućnost, malo tko zna za kriptovalute, a vjeruje se da su one nesigurne. Iako su nedavni porast cijene Bitcoina^(Bitcoins) i istovremeno hvalisanje istima na društvenim mrežama izazvali veliko zanimanje, još bi mogle proći godine prije nego što uđe u mainstream.

Što je rudarenje kriptovaluta

Za rudarenje kriptovaluta potrebna vam je moćna kombinacija hardvera i softvera. Budući da vrijednost valute ovisi o broju jedinica valute dostupnih na tržištu, to bi trebao biti pažljivo praćen i vrlo pouzdan proces. Rudarstvo kriptovalute^{(Cryptocurrency)} jednostavno je proces generiranja novih jedinica kriptovalute^{(Cryptocurrency)} .

Da bismo to bolje razumjeli, pretpostavimo veliku nacionalnu ekonomiju s trilijunima dolara u svim bankama zajedno. Sada, budući da nije fizički moguće pohraniti sve te novčanice u bankama, one ih pohranjuju u digitalnom formatu u središnjoj rezervnoj banci. Pričuvna banka održava digitalni zapis o tome što duguje kojoj banci, ali ne čuva bilješke u fizičkom obliku. Kad god treba ugurati novac u sustav i nema bilješki, jednostavno ih ispiše.

Unatoč činjenici da dotična pričuvna banka može ispisati što više novčanica, to ne čini sama bez razloga. To je zato što kada tiskamo više valute i guramo više novca na tržište, to ne čini ljude bogatima, to jednostavno devalvira postojeću valutu i potiče inflaciju. Što više jedinica valute postoji na tržištu, njezina vrijednost postaje podijeljenija.

Isto se događa i s kriptovalutom^{(Cryptocurrency)} . Iskopavanje kriptovalute^{(Cryptocurrency)} je pažljivo nadgledan proces kako bi se osiguralo da vrijednost postojećih jedinica ne deprecijatira.

Kako se određuje cijena kriptovalute^{(Cryptocurrency)}

Iako se tržišne cijene raznih kriptovaluta^{(Cryptocurrencies)} uvelike razlikuju, njihova likvidnost ostaje zajednička osobina. Od sada, vrijednost kriptovaluta jako^{(Cryptocurrencies)} varira.

Cijena kriptovalute^{(Cryptocurrency)} , kao i gotovo svakog drugog proizvoda i usluge, ovisi o potražnji i ponudi. Ako više ljudi traži određenu kriptovalutu^{(Cryptocurrency)} , a nema je u ponudi, njezina vrijednost raste. Zatim se miniraju više jedinica za održavanje protoka. Mnogi su ipak odlučili ograničiti broj koji se može minirati. Na primjer, broj Bitcoina^(Bitcoins) trenutno je ograničen na najviše 21 milijun.

Popis kriptovaluta

Iako je stvarni popis kriptovaluta^{(Cryptocurrencies)} ogroman – do danas postoji više od 800 kriptovaluta, tako da ovdje možemo raspravljati samo o nekoliko najistaknutijih.

1] Bitcoin : Bitcoini^{(Bitcoins)(Bitcoins)} su najpopularnija i najviša ocijenjena kriptovaluta^{(Cryptocurrency)} . Umjesto toga, većina misli o njoj kao o jedinoj kriptovaluti^{(Cryptocurrency)} dostupnoj na tržištu. Procijenjen negdje blizu 600 dolara po Bitcoinu^(Bitcoin) do sredine 2017., postao je razlogom za zanimanje za tržište kriptovaluta^{(Cryptocurrency)} kada je njegova stopa naglo porasla.

2] Ethereum : Dok je još u početnoj fazi, Ethereum lansiran 2015. mogao bi biti kriptovaluta^{(Cryptocurrency)} budućnosti. To je decentralizirano, sigurno i može se koristiti za trgovinu gotovo svime.

3] Litecoin : Kažu da ako je Bitcoin zlato, Litecoin je srebro. Litecoin se temelji na osnovama kako peer-to-peer sustav radi na Bitcoinu^(Bitcoin) , ali s poboljšanjima na tehničkom planu. To je značajno smanjilo vrijeme prijenosa s prilično dugog za BTC .

4] Ripple : Rippleova distribuirana financijska tehnologija omogućuje bankama diljem svijeta da izravno međusobno obavljaju transakcije.

5] Dash : Dash, ili DarkCoin , kako ga nazivaju, vrlo je tajna kriptovaluta^{(Cryptocurrency)} . Gotovo je nemoguće da itko uđe u trag kamo je preusmjeren. Više se koristi na Darknetu^(Darknet) .

Pročitajte^(Read) : Bitcoin vs. Litecoin vs. Dogecoin – Usporedba kriptovaluta .

Cijena^{(Market Price)} i kapitalizacija^{(Capitalization)} na tržištu kriptovaluta

Trenutačno, Bitcoin košta oko 2500 dolara (od 18. prosinca^(Dec) sada se kreće oko 20 000 dolara!) i ima tržišnu kapitalizaciju od oko $42 billion , dok su brojke za Ethereum 370 i $34 billion . Sve brojke možete vidjeti ovdje^(here) .

Rizici s kriptovalutama

S obzirom na to da se većina transakcija mijenja online, kriptovalute su postale razlog za zabrinutost za banke jer se plaše da se poslovanje s novčanim transakcijama kreće online. Pokušalo^(Attempts) bi se to zaustaviti na ovoj razini. Nedavno je američki Kongres^{(U.S. Congress)} podnio nacrt zakona kojim bi kriptovalute postale^{(Cryptocurrency)} ilegalne. Izlika je bila da bi mogao financirati terorizam i korupciju.

But in our opinion, Cryptocurrency is here to stay – and if one invests conservatively and carefully in them, one could end up making money!

What are Cryptocurrencies? Cryptocurrency Mining explained.

The importance of monеy as a form of judging the ownership of a person’s assets is known since late stone age. It started with stone nuggets, then іron tablets followed by gold and silver coins and now paper money and electronіc money. One notable fact is that thrоughout the timeline, the number of money people possessed increasеd and the value of each unit decreased. This happened till a stage when the banking system had to finally digitalize their currencу, and it is all stored іn reserve banks in a digitalized form. One step аhead of the agenda is the concept of Cryptocurrencies. This is different from money stored in banks which can be accessed indirectly through debit/credit cards and online banking.

What is Cryptocurrency

A Cryptocurrency is an online version of money, a digital asset to be precise. The name is derived from the Cryptography, which is used to encrypt transactions and control the production of the currency. It is a strictly monitored process, as it uses the Blockchain Technology.

To put it very simply, Blockchain technology is a distributed database that is used to used to manage & maintain a growing list of data blocks, using a P2P network collectively. These data blocks may be situated in different locations and not connected to the same Processor. A database is a collection of records. A distributed database is one which may be located in different locations and not be attached to a common Processor – but it may be located in the same or different physical locations and dispersed over a computer network. In a Blockchain, once a piece of data is recorded, it cannot normally be edited or changed.

Though neglected earlier, banks and financial institutions and companies are getting increasingly aware of its importance. Rather, they have a fear of losing their market of ‘digital cash‘ to the new currency.

While the security and ease of exchange make it an ideal medium of monetary exchange for the future, few know about Cryptocurrencies, and it is believed that these are unsafe. Although a recent surge in the price of Bitcoins and simultaneous boasting of the same on social media generated a lot of interest, it could still be years before it enters the mainstream.

What is Cryptocurrency Mining

To mine cryptocurrencies you need a powerful hardware as well as software combination. Since the value of a currency depends on the number of units of the currency available in the market, it should be a carefully monitored and a very reliable process. Cryptocurrency mining is simply the process of generating new units of the Cryptocurrency.

To understand it better, let is assume a large national economy with trillions of dollars in all banks altogether. Now, since it is not physically possible to store all these currency notes in banks, they store them in a digital format with a central reserve bank. The reserve bank maintains a digital record of what it owes to which bank but doesn’t keep the notes in a physical form. Whenever it needs to push money into the system and is short of notes, it simply gets them printed.

Despite the fact that the concerned reserve bank can print as many notes as it can, it doesn’t do so on its own without reason. This is because when we print more currency and push more money into the market, it doesn’t make people riches, it simply devalues the existing currency and prompts inflation. The more the units of a currency exist in a market, the more divided its value becomes.

The same happens with Cryptocurrency. Mining of Cryptocurrency is a carefully monitored process to ensure the value of the existing units does not depreciate.

How is price of a Cryptocurrency determined

While the market prices of various Cryptocurrencies vary a lot, their liquidity remains a common trait. As of present, the value of Cryptocurrencies fluctuates a lot.

The price of a Cryptocurrency, like almost every other product and service, depends on demand and supply. If more people demand a specific Cryptocurrency and it is short in supply, its value increases. Then more units are mined to maintain the flow. Many however have chosen to restrict the number that can be mined. For instance, the number of Bitcoins is currently restricted to a maximum of 21 million.

List of Cryptocurrencies

While the actual list of Cryptocurrencies is huge – there are over 800 cryptocurrencies as of date, and so we can only discuss the most prominent few here.

1] Bitcoin: Bitcoins are the most popular and the highest rated Cryptocurrency. Rather most think of it as the only Cryptocurrency available in the market. Valued somewhere near $600 per Bitcoin by mid-2017, it became the reason for interest in the Cryptocurrency market when its rate surged suddenly.

2] Ethereum: While still at its nascent stage, Ethereum launched in 2015 might be the Cryptocurrency of the future. It is a decentralized, secure and could be used to trade almost anything.

3] Litecoin: They say that if Bitcoin is gold, Litecoin is silver. Litecoin is based upon the fundamentals of how the peer-to-peer system works on Bitcoin, but with improvements on the technical front. It has substantially reduced the time of transfer from a rather long one for BTC.

4] Ripple: Ripple’s distributed financial technology allows for banks around the world to directly transact with each other.

5] Dash: Dash, or DarkCoin, as the call it, is a highly secretive Cryptocurrency. It is almost impossible for anyone to trace where it has been routed. It is more in use on the Darknet.

Read: Bitcoin vs. Litecoin vs. Dogecoin – Cryptocurrency compared.

Cryptocurrency Market Price & Capitalization

Currently, Bitcoin costs around $2500 (As on 18th Dec it is touching $20000 now!) and has a market capitalization of around $42 billion, whereas Ethereum the figures are $370 and $34 billion respectively. You can see all the figures here.

Risks with Cryptocurrencies

With most transactions shifting online, Cryptocurrencies have become a cause of concern for Banks as they fear money transaction business moving online. Attempts would be made to stop it at this level. Recently, the U.S. Congress submitted a bill to make Cryptocurrency illegal. The pretext was that it could fund terrorism and corruption.

But in our opinion, Cryptocurrency is here to stay – and if one invests conservatively and carefully in them, one could end up making money!

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