Operativni sustav Windows^{(Windows operating system)} trenutno drži 96% tržišnog udjela u svijetu osobnih računala. Kako bi iskoristili ovu priliku, proizvođači hardvera pokušavaju stvoriti proizvode koji dodaju puno značajki postojećim verzijama računala.

Ali ništa od toga nije standardizirano. Svaki proizvođač radi sa svojim vlastitim softverskim značajkama koje su zatvorenog koda kako bi se razlikovale od svojih konkurenata.

Ako je svaki hardver drugačiji, kako će operativni sustav znati koristiti hardver?

Za to se brinu upravljački programi uređaja. Budući da Windows ne može izgraditi podršku za sve hardverske uređaje na planeti, prepustili su proizvođačima hardvera da razviju kompatibilne upravljačke programe.

Operativni sustav Windows^{(Windows Operating System)} nudi nam samo sučelje za interakciju s instaliranim uređajima i upravljačkim programima na sustavu. Ovo sučelje naziva se Upravitelj uređaja.^{(Device Manager.)}

Što je upravitelj uređaja?^{(What is a Device Manager?)}

To je softverska komponenta operacijskog sustava Microsoft Windows , koja je poput naredbenog centra svih hardverskih perifernih uređaja povezanih sa sustavom. Način na koji funkcionira je da nam daje kratak i organiziran pregled svih hardverskih uređaja odobrenih za Windows koji rade na računalu.

To mogu biti elektroničke komponente kao što su tipkovnica, miš, monitori, tvrdi diskovi, procesori itd. To je administrativni alat koji je dio Microsoftove upravljačke konzole^{(Microsoft Management Console)} .

Upravitelj uređaja^{(Device Manager)} dolazi s unaprijed instaliranim operativnim sustavom, međutim, na tržištu su dostupni i drugi programi trećih strana koji se mogu koristiti za postizanje istih željenih rezultata, ali se preporučuje da se te aplikacije trećih strana ne instaliraju zbog inherentnih sigurnosnih rizika posjeduju.

Microsoft je ovaj alat počeo povezivati ​​s operativnim sustavom uvođenjem Windowsa 95^{(Windows 95)} . U početku je bio samo dizajniran za prikaz i interakciju s već postojećim hardverom. Tijekom sljedećih nekoliko revizija, dodana je mogućnost hot-plugginga, što omogućuje kernelu da obavijesti upravitelja uređaja o svim novim promjenama vezanim za hardver koje se događaju. Kao što je uključivanje USB fleš diska, umetanje novog mrežnog kabela itd.

Upravitelj uređaja nam pomaže da:^{(Device Manager helps us to:)}

• Izmijenite konfiguraciju hardvera.
• Promijenite i dohvatite hardverske upravljačke programe.
• Otkrivanje sukoba između hardverskih uređaja koji su priključeni na sustav.
• Identificirajte^(Identify) problematične upravljačke programe i onemogućite ih.
• Prikažite informacije o hardveru kao što su proizvođač uređaja, broj modela, klasifikacijski uređaj i još mnogo toga.

Zašto nam treba upravitelj uređaja?

Postoji mnogo razloga zašto bi nam možda trebao upravitelj uređaja, ali najvažniji razlog zašto trebamo upravitelj uređaja je softverski upravljački program.

Softverski upravljački program je kako Microsoft definira softver koji vašem računalu omogućuje komunikaciju s hardverom ili uređajima. Ali zašto nam to treba, pa recimo da imate zvučnu karticu koju biste trebali moći jednostavno priključiti bez drajvera, a vaš bi glazbeni player trebao generirati digitalni signal koji bi zvučna kartica trebala proizvoditi.

U osnovi bi to funkcioniralo da postoji samo jedna zvučna kartica. No, pravi je problem u tome što postoje doslovno tisuće zvučnih uređaja i svi će raditi potpuno drugačije jedan od drugog.

A da bi sve ispravno funkcioniralo, proizvođači softvera bi trebali prepisati svoj softver sa specijaliziranom signalizacijom za vašu zvučnu karticu zajedno sa svakom karticom koja je ikada postojala i svakom karticom koja će ikada postojati.

Dakle, upravljački program softvera djeluje kao sloj apstrakcije ili prevoditelj na način, gdje softverski programi moraju komunicirati samo s vašim hardverom na jednom standardiziranom jeziku, a upravljački program rješava ostalo.

Također pročitajte: ^{(Also Read:)} Što je fragmentacija i defragmentacija^{(What is Fragmentation and Defragmentation)}

Zašto vozači uzrokuju toliko problema?

Naši hardverski uređaji dolaze s puno mogućnosti koje su sustavu potrebne za interakciju na određeni način. Iako postoje standardi koji pomažu proizvođačima hardvera da naprave savršeni upravljački program. Postoje i drugi uređaji i drugi dijelovi softvera koji mogu uzrokovati sukobe. Također, postoje zasebni upravljački programi koje je potrebno održavati za više operativnih sustava kao što su Linux , Windows i drugi.

Svaki sa svojim univerzalnim jezikom koji vozač treba prevesti na njega. To ostavlja dovoljno prostora da jedna od varijanti drajvera za određeni komad hardvera ima jednu ili dvije nesavršenosti.

Kako pristupiti Upravitelju uređaja?

Postoje različiti načini na koje možemo pristupiti upravitelju uređaja, u većini verzija Microsoft Windows upravitelja uređaja možemo otvoriti iz naredbenog retka, upravljačke ploče, iz alata za pokretanje, desnim klikom na izbornik Start itd.

Metoda 1: Iz izbornika Start^{(Method 1: From the start menu)}

Idite na donju lijevu stranu radne površine, desnom tipkom miša kliknite^{(Right-click)} izbornik Start, pojavit će se ogroman popis raznih administrativnih prečaca, locirajte i kliknite na "upravitelj uređaja".

Metoda 2: Izbornik za brzi pristup^{(Method 2: Quick Access Menu)}

Na radnoj površini držite tipku Windows dok pritiskate 'X', a zatim odaberite upravitelj uređaja iz unaprijed popunjenih administrativnih alata.

Metoda 3: S upravljačke ploče^{(Method 3: From the Control Panel)}

Otvorite upravljačku ploču^{(Control Panel)} , kliknite na Hardver^(Hardware) i zvuk^(Sound) , ispod uređaja^(Devices) i pisača^(Printers) odaberite Upravitelj uređaja^{(Device Manager)} .

Metoda 4: Putem trčanja^{(Method 4: Via Run)}

Pritisnite tipku Windows + R da biste otvorili dijaloški okvir za pokretanje, a zatim u dijaloškom okviru pored Otvori^(Open) upišite “ devmgmt.msc ” i dodirnite U redu.

Metoda 5: Korištenje okvira za pretraživanje sustava Windows^{(Method 5: Using the Windows search box)}

Osim ikone windows na radnoj površini, postoji ikona s povećalom, pritisnite je da proširite okvir za pretraživanje, u okvir za pretraživanje upišite “Device Manager” i pritisnite Enter . Počet ćete vidjeti da se rezultati popunjavaju, kliknite na prvi rezultat koji se prikazuje u odjeljku za najbolje podudaranje^{(Best Match Section)} .

Metoda 6: Iz naredbenog retka^{(Method 6: From the Command Prompt)}

Otvorite dijaloški okvir Pokreni^(Run) pomoću prečaca Windows+R , unesite 'cmd' i dodirnite U redu. Nakon toga, trebali biste moći vidjeti prozor naredbenog retka. Sada u naredbenom retku ^{(Command Prompt)}unesite '^{(Enter ‘)} start devmgmt.msc' (bez navodnika) i pritisnite Enter .

Metoda 7: Otvorite Upravitelj uređaja kroz Windows PowerShell^{(Method 7: Open Device Manager through Windows PowerShell)}

Powershell je napredniji oblik naredbenog retka koji se koristi za pokretanje bilo kojeg vanjskog programa kao i za automatizaciju niza zadataka administracije sustava koji nisu dostupni naredbenom retku.

Da biste otvorili upravitelj uređaja u sustavu Windows PowerShell^{(Windows Powershell)} , pristupite^(Access) izborniku Start, pomičite se prema dolje na popisu svih aplikacija dok ne dođete do Windows PowerShell prompta. Nakon otvaranja upišite ' devmgmt.msc ' i pritisnite Enter.

Ovo su neki od načina na koje možemo pristupiti upravitelju uređaja, postoji mnogo drugih jedinstvenih načina na koje možemo pristupiti upravitelju uređaja ovisno o verziji Windows operativnog sustava koju koristite, ali radi praktičnosti ograničit ćemo se na gore navedene metode.

Kako koristiti upravitelja uređaja?

U trenutku kada otvorimo alat za upravljanje uređajima dočeka nas popis svih hardverskih komponenti i njihovih softverskih drajvera koji su trenutno instalirani u sustavu. To uključuje audio ulaze i izlazi, Bluetooth uređaje, adaptere za zaslon , ^(Display)diskove^{(Disk Drives)} , monitore^(Monitors) , mrežni adapter^{(Network Adapter)} i još mnogo toga, oni su odvojeni različitim kategorijama perifernih uređaja, koje se mogu proširiti za prikaz svih hardverskih uređaja koji su trenutno povezani u toj kategoriji .

Da biste izvršili promjene ili modificirali određeni uređaj, s popisa hardvera odaberite kategoriju u koju spada, a zatim iz prikazanih komponenti odaberite željeni hardverski uređaj.

Nakon odabira uređaja, pojavljuje se neovisni dijaloški okvir, ovaj okvir prikazuje svojstva uređaja.

Ovisno o vrsti odabranog uređaja ili hardverske komponente, vidjet ćemo kartice kao što su Općenito^(General) , Upravljački program^(Driver) , Pojedinosti^(Details) , Događaji^(Events) i Resursi^(Resources) .

Sada, pogledajmo za što se svaka od ovih kartica može koristiti,

Općenito^(General)

Ovaj odjeljak pruža kratak pregled odabranog hardvera koji prikazuje naziv odabrane komponente, vrstu uređaja, proizvođača^{(Manufacturer)} tog hardverskog uređaja, fizičku lokaciju uređaja u sustavu koji je u odnosu na njega i status uređaja.

Vozač^(Driver)

Ovo je odjeljak koji prikazuje upravljački program za odabranu hardversku komponentu. Možemo vidjeti razvojnog programera upravljačkog programa, datum kada je objavljen, verziju upravljačkog programa i digitalnu provjeru programera upravljačkog programa. U ovom odjeljku također možemo vidjeti druge gumbe povezane s vozačem kao što su:

• Pojedinosti o upravljačkom programu: Ovo prikazuje pojedinosti datoteka upravljačkog programa koje su instalirane, mjesto na kojem su spremljene i različite nazive ovisnih datoteka.
• Ažuriraj upravljački program: Ovaj gumb nam pomaže da ručno ažuriramo upravljački program tražeći ažuriranje upravljačkog programa na mreži ili upravljački program koji je preuzet s interneta.
• Vraćanje upravljačkog programa^{(Roll Back Driver)} : Ponekad određena nova ažuriranja upravljačkog programa nisu kompatibilna s našim trenutnim sustavom ili postoje određene nove značajke koje nisu potrebne, a koje su priložene upravljačkom programu. U tim situacijama možda imamo razloga da se vratimo na verziju upravljačkog programa koja je prethodno radila. Odabirom ovog gumba moći ćemo to učiniti.
• Onemogući upravljački program: Kad god kupimo novi sustav, on dolazi s unaprijed instaliranim određenim upravljačkim programima koje proizvođač smatra potrebnima. Međutim, kako pojedini korisnik možda neće vidjeti zahtjeve određenih upravljačkih programa zbog brojnih razloga recimo privatnosti, tada možemo onemogućiti web kameru pritiskom na ovaj gumb.
• Deinstaliranje uređaja: Ovo možemo koristiti za potpuno uklanjanje upravljačkih programa potrebnih za funkcioniranje komponente ili čak da sustav prepozna postojanje hardverske komponente. Ovo je napredna opcija, koju treba koristiti s oprezom jer deinstaliranje određenih upravljačkih programa može dovesti do potpunog kvara operativnog sustava^{(Operating System)} .

Pojedinosti^(Details)

Ako želimo kontrolirati pojedinačna svojstva upravljačkog programa hardvera, to možemo učiniti u ovom odjeljku, ovdje možemo odabrati između različitih svojstava upravljačkog programa i odgovarajuću vrijednost za određeno svojstvo. Oni se kasnije mogu mijenjati na temelju zahtjeva.

Događaji^(Events)

Nakon instaliranja ovih softverskih upravljačkih programa, oni upućuju sustav da povremeno izvodi mnoštvo zadataka. Ovi vremenski zadaci nazivaju se događajima. Ovaj odjeljak prikazuje vremensku oznaku, opis i informacije povezane s upravljačkim programom. Imajte na umu da se svim tim događajima može pristupiti i putem alata za pregled događaja.

Resursi^(Resources)

Ova kartica prikazuje različite resurse i njihove postavke te konfiguraciju na kojoj se postavke temelje. Ako postoje sukobi uređaja zbog određenih postavki resursa, to će također biti prikazano ovdje.

Također možemo automatski skenirati promjene hardvera desnim klikom na jednu od kategorija uređaja koje se prikazuju zajedno sa svojstvima te kategorije.

Osim toga, možemo pristupiti i nekim općim opcijama uređaja kao što su ažuriranje upravljačkog programa, onemogućavanje upravljačkog programa, deinstaliranje uređaja, skeniranje promjena hardvera i svojstva uređaja desnim klikom na pojedinačni uređaj prikazan na proširenom popisu kategorija.

Prozor alata upravitelja uređaja također ima ikone koje se prikazuju na vrhu. ^(Device)Ove ikone odgovaraju prethodnim radnjama uređaja o kojima smo već raspravljali.

Također pročitajte: ^{(Also Read:)} Što su administrativni alati u sustavu Windows 10?^{(What are Administrative Tools in Windows 10?)}

Identifikacija raznih ikona i kodova grešaka

Ako biste sa sobom ponijeli bilo koju informaciju iz ovog članka, ovo bi vam bio najvažniji podatak. Razumijevanje i prepoznavanje različitih ikona pogrešaka olakšat će otkrivanje sukoba uređaja, problema s hardverskim komponentama i neispravnih uređaja. Evo popisa tih ikona:

Hardver nije prepoznat^{(Hardware not recognized)}

Kad god dodamo novi hardverski^(Hardware) periferni uređaj, bez upravljačkog programa koji podržava softver ili kada je uređaj nepravilno spojen ili priključen, na kraju ćemo vidjeti ovu ikonu koja je označena žutim upitnikom iznad ikone uređaja.

Hardver ne radi ispravno^{(Hardware not working properly)}

Hardverski^(Hardware) uređaji ponekad imaju tendenciju kvara, prilično je teško znati kada je uređaj prestao funkcionirati kako bi trebao. Možda nećemo znati dok ne počnemo koristiti taj uređaj. Međutim, Windows će pokušati provjeriti funkcionira li uređaj ili ne, dok se sustav pokreće. Ako Windows prepozna problem koji ima povezani uređaj, prikazuje crni usklik na ikoni žutog trokuta.

Onemogućen uređaj^{(Disabled device)}

Možemo vidjeti ovu ikonu koja je označena sivom strelicom koja pokazuje prema dolje u donjem desnom dijelu uređaja. Uređaj bi mogao biti automatski onemogućen od strane IT administratora, od strane korisnika ili možda greškom

Većinu vremena upravitelj uređaja prikazuje kod pogreške zajedno s odgovarajućim uređajem kako bismo lakše shvatili što sustav misli o tome što bi moglo poći po zlu. Slijedi kod pogreške zajedno s objašnjenjem.

	Reason with error code
1	This device is not configured correctly. (Error Code 1)
2	The driver for this device might be corrupted, or your system may be running low on memory or other resources. (Error Code 3)
3	This device cannot start. (Error Code 10)
4	This device cannot find enough free resources that it can use. If you want to use this device, you will need to disable one of the other devices on this system. (Error Code 12)
5	This device cannot work properly until you restart your computer. (Error Code 14)
6	Windows cannot identify all the resources this device uses. (Error Code 16)
7	Reinstall the drivers for this device. (Error Code 18)
8	Windows cannot start this hardware device because its configuration information (in the registry) is incomplete or damaged. To fix this problem you should uninstall and then reinstall the hardware device. (Error Code 19)
9	Windows is removing this device. (Error Code 21)
10	This device is disabled. (Error Code 22)
11	This device is not present, is not working properly, or does not have all its drivers installed. (Error Code 24)
12	The drivers for this device are not installed. (Error Code 28)
13	This device is disabled because the firmware of the device did not give it the required resources. (Error Code 29)
14	This device is not working properly because Windows cannot load the drivers required for this device. (Error Code 31)
15	A driver (service) for this device has been disabled. An alternate driver may be providing this functionality. (Error Code 32)
16	Windows cannot determine which resources are required for this device. (Error Code 33)
17	Windows cannot determine the settings for this device. Consult the documentation that came with this device and use the Resource tab to set the configuration. (Error Code 34)
18	Your computer’s system firmware does not include enough information to properly configure and use this device. To use this device, contact your computer manufacturer to obtain a firmware or BIOS update. (Error Code 35)
19	This device is requesting a PCI interrupt but is configured for an ISA interrupt (or vice versa). Please use the computer’s system setup program to reconfigure the interrupt for this device. (Error Code 36)
20	Windows cannot initialize the device driver for this hardware. (Error Code 37)
21	Windows cannot load the device driver for this hardware because a previous instance of the device driver is still in memory. (Error Code 38)
22	Windows cannot load the device driver for this hardware. The driver may be corrupted or missing. (Error Code 39)
23	Windows cannot access this hardware because its service key information in the registry is missing or recorded incorrectly. (Error Code 40)
24	Windows successfully loaded the device driver for this hardware but cannot find the hardware device. (Error Code 41)
25	Windows cannot load the device driver for this hardware because there is a duplicate device already running in the system. (Error Code 42)
26	Windows has stopped this device because it has reported problems. (Error Code 43)
27	An application or service has shut down this hardware device. (Error Code 44)
28	Currently, this hardware device is not connected to the computer. (Error Code 45)
29	Windows cannot gain access to this hardware device because the operating system is in the process of shutting down. (Error Code 46)
30	Windows cannot use this hardware device because it has been prepared for safe removal, but it has not been removed from the computer. (Error Code 47)
31	The software for this device has been blocked from starting because it is known to have problems with Windows. Contact the hardware vendor for a new driver. (Error Code 48)
32	Windows cannot start new hardware devices because the system hive is too large (exceeds the Registry Size Limit). (Error Code 49)
33	Windows cannot verify the digital signature for the drivers required for this device. A recent hardware or software change might have installed a file that is signed incorrectly or damaged, or that might be malicious software from an unknown source. (Error Code 52)

How to Switch to OpenDNS or Google DNS on Windows

Zaključak

Kako su se tehnologije operativnih sustava stalno poboljšavale, postalo je važno za jedinstveni izvor administracije uređaja. Upravitelj uređaja^(Device) razvijen je kako bi operativni sustav bio svjestan fizičkih promjena i pratio masovne promjene koje se događaju kako se dodaje sve više perifernih uređaja. Znati kada je hardver neispravan i zahtijeva trenutnu pozornost pomoglo bi pojedincima i institucijama podjednako u kratkom i dugom roku.

What is Device Manager? [EXPLAINED]

The Windows operating system currently holds a 96% market share in the world of personal computers. To capitalize on this opportunity, hardware manufacturers try and create products that add a lot of features to the existing computer builds.

But none of this is standardized. Every manufacturer works with its own software features which are closed source to distinguish themselves from their competitors.

If every hardware is different, how will the operating system know how to use the hardware?

This is taken care of by the device drivers. Since Windows cannot build support for all the hardware devices on the planet, they left it up to the hardware manufacturers to develop compatible drivers.

The Windows Operating System only offers us an interface to interact with the installed devices and drivers on the system. This interface is called the Device Manager.

What is a Device Manager?

It is a software component of the Microsoft Windows operating system, which is like a command center of all the hardware peripherals connected to the system. The way it works is by giving us a brief and organized overview of all the windows approved hardware devices that are operating in the computer.

This could be electronic components such as keyboard, mouse, monitors, hard disk drives, processors, etc. It is an administrative tool that is a part of the Microsoft Management Console.

Device Manager comes preloaded with the operating system, however, there are other third-party programs available in the market that can be used to achieve the same desired results but it is encouraged not to install these third-party applications due to the inherent security risks they possess.

Microsoft started bundling this tool with the operating system with the introduction of Windows 95. Initially, it was just designed to display and interact with pre-existing hardware. Over the next few revisions, the hot-plugging capability was added, which enables the kernel to notify the device manager of any new hardware-related changes that are taking place. Such as plugging in a USB thumb drive, insertion of a new network cable, etc.

Device Manager helps us to:

• Modify hardware configuration.
• Change and retrieve hardware drivers.
• Detecting conflicts between the hardware devices that are plugged into the system.
• Identify problematic drivers and disable them.
• Display the hardware information such as the device manufacturer, model number, classification device, and more.

Why Do We Need a Device Manager?

There are a lot of reasons why we might need a device manager, but the most important reason we need the device manager is for software drivers.

A software driver is as Microsoft defines software that allows your computer to communicate with hardware or devices. But why do we need that, so let’s say you’ve got a sound card you should be able to just plug it in with no drivers and your music player should generate a digital signal that the sound card should make.

That’s basically how it would have worked if there was only one sound card in existence. But the real problem is that there are literally thousands of sound devices and all of them will work completely differently from each other.

And for everything to work correctly software makers would need to rewrite their software with specialized signaling for your sound card along with every card that ever existed and every card that ever will exist.

So a software driver acts as an abstraction layer or translator in a way, where the software programs only have to interact with your hardware in one standardized language and the driver handles the rest.

Also Read: What is Fragmentation and Defragmentation

Why do drivers cause so many issues?

Our hardware devices come with a lot of capabilities that the system needs to interact in a particular way. Even though standards exist to help the hardware manufacturers to make the perfect driver. There are other devices and other pieces of software that can cause conflicts. Also, there are separate drivers that need to be maintained for multiple operating systems like Linux, Windows, and others.

Each with its own universal language that the driver needs to translate to it. This leaves plenty of room for one of the variants of a driver for a particular piece of hardware to have an imperfection or two.

How to Access the Device Manager?

There are various ways by which we can access the device manager, in most of the versions of Microsoft windows we can open device manager from the command prompt, the control panel, from the run tool, right-clicking the start menu, etc.

Method 1: From the start menu

Go to the lower left side of the desktop, Right-click on the start menu, a huge list of various administrative shortcuts will appear, locate and click on the “device manager”.

Method 2: Quick Access Menu

On the desktop, keep holding the Windows key while you press ‘X’, then select the device manager from the pre-populated administrative tools.

Method 3: From the Control Panel

Open the Control Panel, click on Hardware and Sound, under the Devices and Printers, select Device Manager.

Method 4: Via Run

Press Windows key + R to open the run dialog box, then in the dialog box besides Open type “devmgmt.msc” and tap OK.

Method 5: Using the Windows search box

Besides the windows icon in the desktop, there is an icon with a magnifying glass, press that to expand the search box, in the search box type “Device Manager” and hit Enter. You will start to see the results populate, click on the first result that is displayed in the Best Match Section.

Method 6: From the Command Prompt

Open the Run dialog using Windows+R hotkeys, enter ‘cmd’ and tap OK. After that, you should be able to see the command prompt window. Now, in the Command Prompt, Enter ‘start devmgmt.msc’ (without quotes) and hit Enter.

Method 7: Open Device Manager through Windows PowerShell

Powershell is a more advanced form of command prompt which is used to run any external programs as well as automate an array of system administration tasks not available to the command prompt.

To open the device manager in Windows Powershell, Access the start menu, scroll down in the all applications list till you reach Windows PowerShell prompt, Once opened type ‘devmgmt.msc‘ and press Enter.

These are some of the ways we can access the device manager, there are plenty of other unique ways we can access the device manager depending on the version of windows operating system you are running, but for the sake of convenience, we will limit ourselves to the above-mentioned methods.

How do you put the device manager to use?

The moment we open the device manager tool we are greeted with a list of all the hardware components and their software drivers that are currently installed in the system. These include Audio inputs and outputs, Bluetooth devices, Display adapters, Disk Drives, Monitors, Network Adapter, and more, these are separated by different categories of peripherals, which can be expanded to display all the hardware devices that are currently connected under that category.

To make changes or to modify a particular device, from the hardware list select the category it falls under, then from the displayed components choose the desired hardware device.

Upon selecting the device, an independent dialog box appears, this box displays the properties of the device.

Depending on the type of device or hardware component selected, we will see tabs such as General, Driver, Details, Events, and Resources.

Now, let’s see what each of these tabs can be used for,

General

This section provides a brief overview of the hardware selected, that displays the name of the component selected, the type of device it is, the Manufacturer of that hardware device, the physical location of the device in the system that is relative to it and the status of the device.

Driver

This is the section that displays the software driver for the selected hardware component. We get to see the developer of the driver, the date it got released, the driver version, and the digital verification of the driver developer. In this section, we also get to see other driver-related buttons such as:

• Driver details: This displays the details of the driver files that have been installed, the location where they have been saved and various dependent file names.
• Update driver: This button helps us manually update the driver by either searching for the driver update online or driver that has been downloaded from the internet.
• Roll Back Driver: Sometimes, certain new driver updates are not compatible with our current system or there are certain new features that are not required that have been bundled with the driver. In these situations, we may have a reason to go back to a previously working version of the driver. By selecting this button we will be able to do so.
• Disable driver: Whenever we buy a new system, it comes preloaded with certain drivers that the manufacturer deems necessary. However, as an individual user may not see the requirement of certain drivers due to any number of reasons say privacy then we can disable the webcam by pressing this button.
• Uninstall device: We can use this to completely remove the drivers necessary for the component to function or even the system to recognize the existence of the hardware component. This is an advanced option, which should be used with caution as uninstalling certain drivers may lead to total Operating System failure.

Details

If we want to control individual properties of a hardware driver, we can do so in this section, here we get to select from various properties of the driver and a corresponding value for a particular property. These can be later modified based on the requirement.

Events

Upon installing these software drivers, they instruct the system to run a plethora of tasks periodically. These timed tasks are called events. This section displays the timestamp, description, and information associated with the driver. Do note that all of these events can also be accessed via the event viewer tool.

Resources

This tab displays various resources and their setting and the configuration the settings are based on. If there are any device conflicts due to certain resource settings that will also be displayed here.

We can also automatically scan for hardware changes by right-clicking on one of the device categories that are displayed along with the properties of that category.

Additionally, we can also access some of the general device options such as update driver, disable driver, uninstall devices, scan for hardware changes, and device properties by right-clicking on the individual device shown in the expanded category list.

The Device manager tool’s window also has icons that are displayed on the top. These icons correspond to the previous device actions that we have already discussed earlier.

Also Read: What are Administrative Tools in Windows 10?

Identification of various error icons and codes

If you were to take any information from this article with you, this would be the most important takeaway for you. Understanding and identifying various error icons will make it easier to figure out the device conflicts, issues with hardware components, and malfunctioning devices. Here’s a list of those icons:

Hardware not recognized

Whenever we add a new Hardware peripheral, without a supporting software driver or when the device is improperly connected or plugged, we will end up seeing this icon which is denoted by a yellow question mark over the device icon.

Hardware not working properly

Hardware devices sometimes tend to malfunction, it is quite hard to know when a device has stopped functioning as it should. We may not know until we start to use that device. However, windows will try to check if a device is functioning or no, while the system is booting. If Windows recognizes the problem which the connected device has it shows a black exclamation on a yellow triangle icon.

Disabled device

We may see this icon which is denoted by a grey arrow pointing down in the lower right side of the device. A device could be automatically be disabled by the IT administrator, by a user, or maybe by mistake

Most of the time the device manager displays the error code along with the corresponding device, to make it easier for us to make sense of what does the system thinks of what could be going wrong. Following is the error code along with the explanation.

	Reason with error code
1	This device is not configured correctly. (Error Code 1)
2	The driver for this device might be corrupted, or your system may be running low on memory or other resources. (Error Code 3)
3	This device cannot start. (Error Code 10)
4	This device cannot find enough free resources that it can use. If you want to use this device, you will need to disable one of the other devices on this system. (Error Code 12)
5	This device cannot work properly until you restart your computer. (Error Code 14)
6	Windows cannot identify all the resources this device uses. (Error Code 16)
7	Reinstall the drivers for this device. (Error Code 18)
8	Windows cannot start this hardware device because its configuration information (in the registry) is incomplete or damaged. To fix this problem you should uninstall and then reinstall the hardware device. (Error Code 19)
9	Windows is removing this device. (Error Code 21)
10	This device is disabled. (Error Code 22)
11	This device is not present, is not working properly, or does not have all its drivers installed. (Error Code 24)
12	The drivers for this device are not installed. (Error Code 28)
13	This device is disabled because the firmware of the device did not give it the required resources. (Error Code 29)
14	This device is not working properly because Windows cannot load the drivers required for this device. (Error Code 31)
15	A driver (service) for this device has been disabled. An alternate driver may be providing this functionality. (Error Code 32)
16	Windows cannot determine which resources are required for this device. (Error Code 33)
17	Windows cannot determine the settings for this device. Consult the documentation that came with this device and use the Resource tab to set the configuration. (Error Code 34)
18	Your computer’s system firmware does not include enough information to properly configure and use this device. To use this device, contact your computer manufacturer to obtain a firmware or BIOS update. (Error Code 35)
19	This device is requesting a PCI interrupt but is configured for an ISA interrupt (or vice versa). Please use the computer’s system setup program to reconfigure the interrupt for this device. (Error Code 36)
20	Windows cannot initialize the device driver for this hardware. (Error Code 37)
21	Windows cannot load the device driver for this hardware because a previous instance of the device driver is still in memory. (Error Code 38)
22	Windows cannot load the device driver for this hardware. The driver may be corrupted or missing. (Error Code 39)
23	Windows cannot access this hardware because its service key information in the registry is missing or recorded incorrectly. (Error Code 40)
24	Windows successfully loaded the device driver for this hardware but cannot find the hardware device. (Error Code 41)
25	Windows cannot load the device driver for this hardware because there is a duplicate device already running in the system. (Error Code 42)
26	Windows has stopped this device because it has reported problems. (Error Code 43)
27	An application or service has shut down this hardware device. (Error Code 44)
28	Currently, this hardware device is not connected to the computer. (Error Code 45)
29	Windows cannot gain access to this hardware device because the operating system is in the process of shutting down. (Error Code 46)
30	Windows cannot use this hardware device because it has been prepared for safe removal, but it has not been removed from the computer. (Error Code 47)
31	The software for this device has been blocked from starting because it is known to have problems with Windows. Contact the hardware vendor for a new driver. (Error Code 48)
32	Windows cannot start new hardware devices because the system hive is too large (exceeds the Registry Size Limit). (Error Code 49)
33	Windows cannot verify the digital signature for the drivers required for this device. A recent hardware or software change might have installed a file that is signed incorrectly or damaged, or that might be malicious software from an unknown source. (Error Code 52)

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Conclusion

As the technologies of the Operating systems kept improving it became important for a singular source of device administration. The Device manager was developed to make the operating system aware of the physical changes and keep a track of the mas they take place as more and more peripherals are being added. Knowing when the hardware is malfunctioning and requiring immediate attention would help individuals and institutions alike in a short as well as long run.

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