Blockchain tehnologija pojavila se kao odgovor na kolaps nekoliko bankovnih institucija 2008. godine. Predložila je novi monetarni sustav koji je trebao oduzeti kontrolu nad novcem, oslanjajući se isključivo na ravnopravni elektronički gotovinski sustav, dizajniran posebno za digitalne carstvo. Vjerovalo se da je ovaj online valutni sustav bolji monetarni sustav sve dok neki nisu počeli govoriti o Hashgraphu^(Hashgraph) .

Što je Hashgraph

Za Hashgraph^(Hashgraph) se kaže da je robusniji sustav. Njegov algoritam konsenzusa pruža novu platformu za distribuirani konsenzus. Neki od atributa koji se obično koriste za upućivanje ili opisivanje Blockchaina^(Blockchain) su distribuirani, transparentni, temeljeni na konsenzusu, transakcijski i fleksibilni. Hashgraph nosi sve ove značajke. Međutim, to je struktura podataka i konsenzus algoritam koji je mnogo brži, pravedniji i sigurniji od blockchaina. Opisuje se kao budućnost tehnologije distribuirane knjige. Koristi dvije posebne tehnike za postizanje brzog, poštenog i sigurnog konsenzusa.

Trač o Tračevima
Virtualno glasovanje

Gossip about Trač^{(Gossip about Gossip)} u osnovi znači prilaganje male dodatne količine informacija ovom Traču^(Gossip) , a to su dva hasha koji sadrže posljednje dvije osobe s kojima smo razgovarali. Koristeći ove informacije, Hashgraph se može izgraditi i redovito ažurirati kada se ogovara više informacija, na svakom čvoru.

Kada je Hashgraph spreman, lako je znati za koji bi čvor glasao, budući da smo svjesni informacija koje svaki čvor ima i kada je to znao. Ovi podaci se stoga mogu koristiti kao ulaz u algoritam glasovanja i za pronalaženje koje su transakcije brzo postigle konsenzus.

Hashgraph protiv Blockchaina

Blockchain tehnologija je nepotkupljiva digitalna knjiga ekonomskih transakcija. Međutim, može se programirati da bilježi ne samo financijske transakcije, već i gotovo sve vrijedno. Informacije^{(Information)} koje se drže na blockchainu postoje kao dijeljene i neprestano se usklađuju/ažuriraju. To osigurava da su zapisi/podaci koje čuva identični u cijeloj mreži i da se ne pohranjuju ni na jednom pojedinačnom mjestu. Kao takav, blockchain ne može kontrolirati niti jedan entitet. Drugo^(Second) , nema jedinstvenu točku neuspjeha.

Hashgraph , s druge strane, tvrdi da podržava superiornu strukturu podataka sposobnu riješiti mnoge probleme s kojima se Blockchain zajednica bori već neko vrijeme, poput mehanizama konsenzusa.

Do sada su tehnologije konsenzusa bile klasificirane u jednu od dvije kategorije:

Javne mreže (uključujući Bitcoin i Ethereum )
Privatno^(Private) (rješenja koja se oslanjaju na konsenzusne algoritme temeljene na Leaderu)

Javne mreže su skupe za pokretanje i imaju ograničenja u izvedbi koja proizlaze iz dokaza o radu^{(Proof of Work)} (pristajanje na redoslijed kojim se transakcija može dogoditi. To osigurava stalnu ponudu novca i nitko ne vara). Time se sužava broj primjena u kojima se takve tehnologije mogu praktički primijeniti.

Privatne mreže, za razliku od javnih mreža, ograničavaju korištenje na poznate i provjerene sudionike. Ovaj pristup smanjuje troškove i dramatično poboljšava performanse, s algoritmima koji mogu postići 1000 transakcija u sekundi u usporedbi sa sedam za Bitcoin . Međutim, rupe u zakonu u obliku opuštenih sigurnosnih standarda čine ove mreže potencijalnim metama DDoS napada^{(DDoS attacks)} .

Swirldov Hashgraph algoritam nadilazi ove nedostatke jer ne zahtijeva ni dokaz^(Proof) o radu^(Work) ni vođu^(Leader) . Štoviše, obećava da će isporučiti niske cijene i dobre performanse bez jedne točke kvara.

Upravo ta kombinacija čini Hashgraph alatom koji vrijedi isprobati.

Ostale prednosti HashGraph nudi u odnosu na Blockchain

Novi konsenzus algoritam temeljen na superiornoj tehnologiji distribuirane knjige. Time se eliminira potreba za masivnim izračunima i neodrživom potrošnjom energije poput onih za Bitcoin i Ethereum .

Kao što je ranije spomenuto, Bitcoin je ograničen na 7 transakcija u sekundi. S druge strane, Hashgraph je 50.000 puta ^(Times) brži^(Faster) : ograničen samo propusnošću — 250.000+ transakcija u sekundi^{(Transactions Per Second)} ( pre-sharding )

Pravednije

U svijetu blockchaina rudar može odabrati redoslijed za koji se transakcije odvijaju u bloku, može odgoditi narudžbe stavljajući ih u buduće blokove, čak i potpuno ih spriječiti da uđu u sustav. Označavanje vremena konsenzusa^(Consensus) dostupno uz Hashgraph nudi rješenje za ovaj problem. Spriječava pojedinca da utječe na konsenzusni redoslijed transakcija odbijanjem bilo kakve manipulacije redoslijedom transakcija.

Asinkroni bizantski tolerantni na greške^{(Byzantine Fault Tolerant)}

Za razliku od drugih sustava, Hashgraph je dokazano potpuno asinkroni bizantski^(Byzantine) . To znači da ne pretpostavlja koliko se brzo poruke prenose putem interneta. Ova sposobnost čini ga otpornim na DDoS napade, botnetove i vatrozide. Bitcoin nije bizantski^(Byzantine) . Nije čak ni bizantski pod lošim pretpostavkama. U Bitcoinu^(Bitcoin) , nikada ne postoji trenutak u kojem znate da imate konsenzus.

100% učinkovito

Niti jedan minirani blok nikada ne postaje zastario. Dok^(Whereas) se u blockchainu transakcije stavljaju u kontejnere (blokove) koji čine jedan, dugi lanac. Ako dva rudara stvore dva bloka u isto vrijeme, zajednica će na kraju odabrati jedan i odbaciti drugi, što će rezultirati gubitkom truda. U Hashgraphu^(Hashgraph) se koristi svaki spremnik i nijedan se ne odbacuje.

Dakle, iako se čini da je Hashgraph superiorna tehnologija u odnosu na Blockchain, treba imati na umu da se stvari mogu jednostavno kretati malo prebrzo. To jest, kada jednom počnete učiti o nečemu novom, nešto drugo to zamjenjuje prije nego što se uspješno prilagodite.

Da biste bolje razumjeli kako Hashgraph funkcionira, pogledajte ovaj dokument^{(this document)} . Za više informacija posjetite hashgraph.com .

What is Hashgraph? How is it different from Blockchain?

Blockchain technology emerged in responsе to the collapse of several banking institutions in 2008. It propoѕed a new monetary system intended to take away the control оf the money supplу, relying solely on a pеer-to-peer electronic cash system, designed specifically for the digіtal realm. This online currency system wаs believed to be a better mоnetary system until some started talking about Hashgraph.

What is Hashgraph

Hashgraph is said to be a more robust system. Its consensus algorithm provides a new platform for distributed consensus. Some of the attributes commonly used to refer or describe Blockchain are distributed, transparent, consensus-based, transactional and flexible. Hashgraph bears all these features. However, it is a data structure and consensus algorithm that is much faster, fairer, and more secure than blockchain. It is described as the future of distributed ledger technology. It uses two special techniques to achieve fast, fair and secure consensus.

Gossip about Gossip
Virtual Voting

Gossip about Gossip basically means attaching a small additional amount of information to this Gossip, which are two hashes containing the last two people talked to. Using this information, a Hashgraph can be built and regularly updated when more information is gossiped, on each node.

Once the Hashgraph is ready, it is easy to know what a node would vote, since we are aware of information that each node has and when they knew it. This data can thus be used as an input to the voting algorithm and to find which transactions have reached consensus quickly.

Hashgraph vs Blockchain

Blockchain technology is an incorruptible digital ledger of economic transactions. However, it can be programmed to record not just financial transactions but virtually everything of value. Information held on a blockchain exists as shared and is continually reconciled/updated. This ensures the records/data it holds are identical across the network and not stored in any individual location. As such, the blockchain cannot be controlled by any single entity. Second, it has no single point of failure.

Hashgraph, on the other hand, claims to support a superior data structure capable of solving many of the problems that the Blockchain community has been struggling with for some time like, consensus mechanisms.

Until now, consensus technologies were classified into one of two categories:

Public networks (includes Bitcoin and Ethereum)
Private (solutions relying on Leader-based consensus algorithms)

Public networks are expensive to run and have performance constraints resulting from Proof of Work (agreeing to the order in which transaction can occur. This ensures money supply is constant and no one cheats). This narrows down the number of applications where such technologies can be practically employed.

Private networks, unlike, public networks restrict usage to known and trusted participants. This approach brings down the cost and improves performance dramatically, with algorithms capable of achieving 1000 transactions per second compared to seven for Bitcoin. That said, loopholes in the form of relaxed security standards make these networks potential targets to DDoS attacks.

Swirld’s’ Hashgraph algorithm overcomes these shortcomings as it requires neither Proof of Work nor a Leader. Moreover, it promises to deliver low-cost and good performance with no single point of failure.

It is this combination that makes Hashgraph a tool, worth trying.

Other advantages HashGraph offers over Blockchain

A new consensus algorithm based on superior distributed ledger technology. This eliminates the requirement for massive computation and unsustainable energy consumption like those of Bitcoin and Ethereum.

As mentioned earlier, Bitcoin is limited to 7 transactions per second. On the other hand, Hashgraph is 50,000 Times Faster: limited only by bandwidth — 250,000+ Transactions Per Second (Pre-Sharding)

Fairer

In the blockchain world, a miner can choose the order for which transactions occur in a block, can delay orders by placing them in future blocks, even stop them entirely from entering the system. Consensus time stamping available with Hashgraph offers a solution to this problem. It prevents an individual from affecting the consensus order of transactions by denying any sort of manipulation of the order of the transactions.

Asynchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerant

Unlike the other systems, Hashgraph is proven to be fully asynchronous Byzantine. This means it makes no assumptions about how fast messages are passed over the internet. This capability makes it resilient against DDoS attacks, botnets, and firewalls. Bitcoin is not Byzantine. It’s not even byzantine under bad assumptions. In Bitcoin, there is never a moment in time where you know that you have consensus.

100% Efficient

No mined block ever becomes stale. Whereas in the blockchain, transactions are put into containers (blocks) that form a single, long chain. If two miners create two blocks at the same time, the community will eventually select one and discard the other, resulting in wastage of efforts. In Hashgraph, every container is used and none are discarded.

So, although Hashgraph appears to be a superior technology to Blockchain it should be remembered things can just move a little too fast. That is, once you begin to learn about something new, something else replaces it before you can successfully adapt.

To understand better how Hashgraph works, see this document. To learn more visit hashgraph.com.

Hana Grgić

About the author

Računalni sam tehničar koji godinama radi s Androidom i uredskim softverom. Također podučavam ljude kako koristiti Mac računala zadnjih 5 godina. Ako tražite nekoga tko zna kako popraviti stvari na vašem računalu, vjerojatno vam mogu pomoći!