Za definiranje programa često se koriste pojmovi kao što su Freeware , Besplatni^(Free) softver , Open source , Shareware , Trialware , Adware , Nagware itd. Zna li netko doista razliku između besplatnog i slobodnog softvera – iako se oba koriste labavo i naizmjenično? Pretpostavljam da većina korisnika računala ne! Dakle, u ovom ćemo postu pokušati razjasniti suptilne probleme u vezi s ovim pojmovima i objasniti ostale pojmove "posuđe".

Razlika između besplatnog softvera^(Freeware) , slobodnog softvera^{(Free Software)} , otvorenog koda^{(Open Source)} itd.

Freeware

Freeware je softver koji se distribuira bez traženja naknade za njegovu upotrebu. Ovi programi su dostupni ili kao potpuno funkcionalni softver na neograničeno razdoblje.

Vlasništvo nad bilo kojim besplatnim softverom zadržava njegov programer. Programer može promijeniti buduća izdanja iz besplatnog u plaćeni proizvod (freeware) ako to želi. Također, besplatni softver se obično distribuira bez izvornog koda^{(source code)} . To je učinjeno kako bi se spriječile bilo kakve izmjene od strane njegovih korisnika. Osim toga, licenca s kojom se distribuira besplatni program može dopustiti slobodno kopiranje softvera, ali ne i prodaju. U nekim slučajevima možda neće biti dopušteno niti distribuirati softver.

Crippleware

Neki softver se nudi kao besplatan – ali s vrlo ograničenim značajkama – ili bez glavne značajke. Oni se nazivaju Crippleware . One koje pružaju potpuno funkcionalnu verziju imaju sve funkcije omogućene i uglavnom su dostupne ili kao komercijalni program ili kao shareware. U većini slučajeva besplatni programi promiču komercijalnu ponudu.

Donationware

Ponekad se besplatni softver distribuira korisnicima uz redovite podsjetnike ili zahtjeve^{(regular reminder or request)} da daju donaciju autoru ili nekoj trećoj strani kao što je dobrotvorna organizacija. U takvim slučajevima, besplatni softver se naziva Donationware .

Slobodni softver

Mnogi korisnici računala nisu u potpunosti svjesni ovog pomalo novog i nepovezanog koncepta. Pa^(Well) , slobodni softver je softver koji korisniku daje slobodu pokretanja, kopiranja, distribucije, proučavanja, mijenjanja i poboljšanja softvera. Točnije, slobodni softver je stvar slobode, a ne cijene!

To u biti znači da korisnik može slobodno koristiti, modificirati i distribuirati program pod jednim uvjetom: svaka redistribuirana verzija softvera mora se distribuirati uz izvorne uvjete besplatne upotrebe, modifikacije i distribucije (poznate kao copyleft). I za razliku od besplatnog softvera, besplatni softver može se distribuirati uz naknadu.

Imajte^(Please) na umu da za izmjenu programa trebate pristupiti njegovom izvornom kodu koji besplatni softver nudi dok besplatni softver ne. Također, besplatni softver daje slobodu redistribucije kopija, no da bi to učinio, korisnik mora uključiti binarne ili izvršne oblike programa, kao i izvorni kod, za modificirane i nepromijenjene verzije.

Ovdje je posebno vrijedno spomenuti da ponekad državni propisi o kontroli izvoza i trgovinske sankcije također ograničavaju slobodu distribucije kopija programa na međunarodnoj razini. U takvim slučajevima, odbijte i nemojte se pridržavati izvoznih propisa kao uvjeta bilo koje od bitnih sloboda budući da programeri softvera nemaju ovlast nadjačati ta ograničenja. Više detalja možete pronaći na web stranici FSF.org .

Otvoreni izvor

Pojam "Open Source" vrlo je blizak "slobodnom softveru", ali nije identičan s njim. Ovo kažemo jer je izvorni kod softvera otvorenog koda lako dostupan korisnicima 2, ali pod autorskim pravima, te je nekome dopušteno slobodno redistribuirati softver.

Koncept programa otvorenog koda oslanja se na činjenicu da korisnik može pregledati izvorni kod kako bi eliminirao moguće greške u njemu. To je nešto što ne opažamo u komercijalno razvijenim i pakiranim programima. Programeri na internetu čitaju i mijenjaju izvorni kod eliminirajući moguće greške. Dakle, na ovaj način programeri pomažu u pružanju korisnijih proizvoda bez grešaka za svakoga. Više detalja možete pronaći na OpenSource.org .

Pročitajte: ^(Read:) Microsoft sada voli Linux i Open Source . Zašto?

Shareware

Shareware je demonstracijski softver koji se distribuira besplatno, ali samo za određeno razdoblje evaluacije, recimo, 15-30 dana ( Trialware ). Nakon razdoblja evaluacije, program istječe i korisnik više ne može pristupiti programu. Samo ako ste zainteresirani za daljnju upotrebu programa, davatelj sharewarea može zahtijevati da kupite licencu za softver.

Dakle, u osnovi se distribuira na probnoj osnovi i uz razumijevanje da bi kasnije korisnik mogao biti zainteresiran za plaćanje. Također, neki shareware se nude kao ' Liteware '. U tim programima, tj. 'Liteware', određene su mogućnosti onemogućene. Potpunim funkcijama možete pristupiti tek nakon kupnje ili nadogradnje na kompletnu verziju programa. Stoga^(Thus) se shareware softver koristi u marketinške svrhe.

Adware

Adware , poznatiji kao softver za oglašavanje, softver je koji automatski prikazuje oglase. Većina ovih reklama pojavljuje se u obliku dosadnih skočnih prozora. Međutim, možete onemogućiti oglase kupnjom registracijskog ključa. Može čak promijeniti vašu početnu stranicu, zadano pretraživanje ili instalirati alatnu traku. Kao i besplatni softver, i Adware^{(Adware too)} je dostupan korisnicima računala bez ikakvih troškova.

Paketni pribor

Bundleware je dobio ime po tome što su ljudi "komponirali" različite programe u jedan jedini instalacijski program. Jedna instalacija za bundleware instalira glavni program koji želite zajedno s nekim drugim programima koje ne želite.

špijunski softver

Špijunski softver^(Spyware) ide nekoliko koraka dalje i krišom instalira drugi softver na vaše računalo. Špijunski softver može sadržavati kod koji šalje informacije o korisničkom računalu programeru ili na neko drugo mjesto kad god je korisnik spojen na internet . To se radi kako bi se oglasi prikazivali u web pregledniku.

Nagware

Ovo je program koji korisniku rutinski izdaje podsjetnik da kupi aplikaciju ili proizvod prije nego što mu istekne probno razdoblje. Naziv potječe od ideje da se podsjetnici, koji se obično nazivaju 'NAGS', nastavljaju pojavljivati ​​na zaslonu računala korisnika sve dok ne aktivira željenu aplikaciju ili je nasilno zatvori. Iako biste mogli koristiti program, on će vas neprestano gnjaviti da kupite njegovu punu verziju ili nadogradite. Ukratko, ako vas bilo koji program stalno prigovara da nadogradite na njegovu punu plaćenu verziju ili da donirate, on se naziva Nagware .

Zlonamjerni softver

Zlonamjerni softver, koji se obično naziva "zlonamjernim softverom", svaki^(Malware) je program s lošim namjerama i koji iskorištava podatke računala bez pristanka korisnika. Nakon što se nađe na tvrdom disku računala, može oteti vaš preglednik i pratiti web stranice koje posjećujete – i uzrokovati još veću štetu.

Osim toga, može se sakriti duboko unutar Windowsa^(Windows) , pa čak i ponovno instalirati nakon što je potpuno uklonjen, što ga čini najtežim programom za uklanjanje ili čišćenje. Virusi, trojanci^(Trojans) itd. mogu se smatrati zlonamjernim softverom.

Scareware

Malware that is designed to trick users into downloading and buying non-functional or dangerous software is referred to as Scareware or Rogue Software. How does it do this? Simple, it alarms scares a user by making him falsely believe that his computer is infected by potentially harmful viruses.

Once downloaded and installed, the program displays false virus alerts and instructs him to buy the ‘full version’ to remove the infections (fictional). Ultimately, a user buys the software and wastes his hard-earned money. In short, Malware that preys on a user’s fear is called Scareware.

Abandonware

Kada autor^(Author) odustane od razvoja softvera i za koga nije dostupna podrška, on se naziva Abandonware . Abandonware također može uključivati ​​softver čija su autorska prava nejasna ili su sporna.

Dodaje Jsg u odjeljku za komentare: nije ponuđena podrška, ažuriranja itd. Kupnje više nemaju nikakvog značaja i, u mnogim slučajevima, registracijski kodovi su otvoreno dostupni na Internetu^(Internet) . Zakonitost korištenja registracijskog koda dostupnog na Internetu^(Internet) za napušteni softver je upitna, ali općenito zahtijeva od autora da postane aktivan kako bi poduzeo bilo što u vezi s tim.

Jesam li propustio neki pojam "-ware"? Imate li kakav komentar na definicije? Ili možda treba doraditi neku definiciju. Molimo^(Please) podijelite to u odjeljku za komentare.

Difference: Freeware, Free Software, Open Source, Shareware, Trialware, etc

Τerms such as Freeware, Free software, Open sourcе, Shareware, Trialware, Adware, Nagware, etc arе often used to define programs. Does one really know the difference between freеware and free software – although both are uѕed lоosely and interchangeablу? I guess most computer users don’t! So, in this рost, we will try to clarify subtle issues related tо these terms, and explаin the other “ware” terms.

Difference between Freeware, Free Software, Open Source, etc.

Freeware

Freeware is software that is distributed without demanding a fee for its usage. These programs are available either as fully functional software for an unlimited period.

Ownership of any freeware is retained by its developer. The developer can change future releases from freeware to a paid product (freeware) if he wishes so. Also, a freeware is typically distributed without its source code. This is done to prevent any sort of modification by its users. Plus, the license with which a free program is distributed may permit the software to be freely copied but not sold. In some cases, one may not be allowed to even distribute the software.

Crippleware

Some software are offered as freeware – but with very limited features – or with the major feature missing. These are referred to as Crippleware. The ones that provide fully functional version has all the functions enabled and is mostly available either as a commercial program or as shareware. In most cases, the free programs promote a commercial offering.

Donationware

Sometimes, freeware is distributed to users with a regular reminder or request to make a donation to the author or to some third-party such as a charity. In such cases, freeware is referred to as a Donationware.

Free Software

Many computer users aren’t fully aware of this somewhat new and unrelated concept. Well, free software is software that gives a user freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change, and improve the software. To be precise, free software is a matter of liberty, not the price!

It essentially means a user can freely use, modify, and distribute a program stipulated to one condition: any redistributed version of the software must be distributed with the original terms of free use, modification, and distribution (known as copyleft). And unlike freeware, free software may be distributed for a fee.

Please note, to modify a program you need to access its source code which free software offers whereas a freeware does not. Also, free software gives freedom to redistribute copies however to do this, a user must include binary or executable forms of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and unmodified versions.

It is particularly noteworthy to mention here that sometimes government export control regulations and trade sanctions too limit the freedom to distribute copies of programs internationally. In such cases, refuse and do not obey any export regulations as a condition of any of the essential freedoms since software developers do not have the power to override these restrictions. You can more details on the FSF.org website.

Open Source

The term ‘Open Source’ is very close to ‘free software’ but not identical to it. We say this because, the source code of open-source software is readily available to users 2 but under copyright, and one is freely allowed to redistribute the software.

The concept of the open-source programs relies on the fact that a user can review a source-code for eliminating possible bugs in it. This is something that we do not observe in commercially developed and packaged programs. Programmers on the internet read and modify the source-code by eliminating the possible bugs. Thus, in this way programmers helps in providing more useful and bug-free product for everyone to use. More details can be had at OpenSource.org.

Read: Microsoft loves Linux & Open Source now. Why?

Shareware

Shareware is demonstration software that is distributed for free but for a specific evaluation period only, say, 15-30 days (Trialware). After the evaluation period, the program gets expired and a user can no longer access the program. Only if you are interested in using the program further, the shareware provider may require you to purchase a license for the software.

So, basically it is distributed on trial basis and with an understanding that sometime later a user may be interested in paying for it. Also, some shareware are offered as ‘Liteware’. In these programs i.e. ‘Liteware’ certain capabilities are disabled. One can access complete functions only after buying or upgrading to the complete version of the program. Thus, shareware software are used for marketing purposes.

Adware

Adware, better known as advertising software is software that automatically renders advertisements. Most of these advertisements appear in the form of annoying pop-ups. However, one can disable the ads by purchasing a registration key. It can even change your home page, default search, or install a toolbar. Like freeware, Adware too is available for computer users at no cost.

Bundleware

Bundleware gets its name from people ‘bundling’ different programs into one single installation program. The one installation for bundleware installs the main program that you want along with some other programs that you do not want.

Spyware

Spyware goes a few steps further and surreptitiously installs another software on your computer. The spyware may contain a code that sends information about the user’s computer to the developer or to some other location whenever the user is connected to the Internet. This is done in order to display advertisements in the Web browser.

Nagware

This is a program that routinely issues a reminder to a user to purchase an application or by a product before its trial period gets expired. The term derives its name from the idea that reminders, commonly referred to as ‘NAGS’  keep on appearing on a user’s computer screen until he activates the desired application or quits it forcefully. While you would be able to use the program, it will continuously nag you to buy its full version or upgrade. In short, ff any program nags you constantly to upgrade to its full paid version or to donate, it is referred to as Nagware.

Malware

Typically referred to as ‘Malicious Software’, Malware is any program with malafide intentions and which exploits data of a computer without its user’s consent. Once on a computer hard drive, it can hijack your browser and track the websites you visit – and cause even worse damage.

In addition to this, it can hide deep within Windows and even reinstall itself after being removed completely, making it the most difficult program to be removed or cleaned. Viruses, Trojans, etc may all be considered as malware.

Scareware

Malware that is designed to trick users into downloading and buying non-functional or dangerous software is referred to as Scareware or Rogue Software. How does it do this? Simple, it alarms scares a user by making him falsely believe that his computer is infected by potentially harmful viruses.

Once downloaded and installed, the program displays false virus alerts and instructs him to buy the ‘full version’ to remove the infections (fictional). Ultimately, a user buys the software and wastes his hard-earned money. In short, Malware that preys on a user’s fear is called Scareware.

Abandonware

When the development of a software is abandoned by the Author and for whom no support is available, it is referred to as Abandonware. Abandonware could also include software whose copyright is unclear or in dispute.

Adds Jsg in the comments section: No support, updates, etc offered. Purchases no longer have any bearing and, in many cases, registration codes are openly available on the Internet. The legality of using a registration code available on the Internet for abandonware is questionable but generally requires the author to become active to do anything about it.

Have I missed any “-ware” term? Have you any comment to make on the definitions? Or maybe some definition needs to be refined. Please do share it in the comments section.

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