Imate li novu DSLR kameru, akcijsku kameru ili možda novi pametni telefon? Želite li mu dodati memorijsku karticu? Pitate^(Are) se kako odabrati pravu memorijsku karticu? Prije nego što to učinite, morate razumjeti koje postoje različite vrste memorijskih kartica i koje odgovaraju vašem uređaju. Pročitajte ovaj članak da biste vidjeli najčešće korištene memorijske kartice koje se trenutno koriste, što znače njihova imena, koje su ocjene brzine i još mnogo toga:^{(Speed Class)}

Što je memorijska kartica?

Memorijske kartice su mali elektronički uređaji dizajnirani za pohranjivanje informacija. ^{(Memory cards are small electronic devices designed to store information.)}Obično koriste flash memoriju, baš kao i USB memorijske kartice ili SSD diskovi. Memorijske kartice se koriste unutar digitalnih fotoaparata, pametnih telefona, tableta, media playera, prijenosnih računala, mobilnih konzola, nadzornih kamera, pa čak i na nekim stolnim računalima. Budući da koriste flash memoriju, podaci spremljeni na memorijskoj kartici ne gube se kada je odspojite. To također znači da možete kopirati, premještati i brisati datoteke, kao i ^{(you can copy, move, and delete files, as well as)} formatirati memorijske kartice^{(format memory cards)} kad god želite.

Za razliku od USB flash pogona, za memorijske kartice ne koristite USB priključak da biste ih priključili na druge uređaje. Umjesto toga, memorijske kartice se izravno povezuju putem posebnih hardverskih sučelja, zvanih utori^(slots) , dostupnih na uređajima koji ih podržavaju.

Koliko različitih vrsta memorijskih kartica postoji?

Prije nekoliko desetljeća postojalo je mnogo različitih vrsta memorijskih kartica koje su kreirali mnogi proizvođači hardvera. Iako su mnoge tvrtke pokušale postaviti svoje standarde za memorijske kartice, samo su neke uspjele pobijediti na natjecanju. Danas je većina memorijskih kartica dio jedne od dvije glavne obitelji: Secure Digital i CompactFlash . Pogledajmo što svaki od njih ima za ponuditi:

Koje su različite vrste SD kartica?

Secure Digital , poznatiji po SD akronimu, uključuje mnogo različitih vrsta SD kartica, različitih oblika i veličina:

• SD (Secure Digital) - stara vrsta memorijske kartice koja ima kapacitet pohrane do 2 GB, formatirana prema zadanim postavkama u FAT16 . SD kartice su fizičke veličine 32 × 24 × 2,1 mm . Ova veličina postala je norma za sve druge, novije verzije SD kartica, kao što su SDHC , SDXC ili SDUC . Danas^(Nowadays) mnogi ljudi koriste izraz SD za označavanje i novijih SDHC , SDXC ili SDUC memorijskih kartica.
• microSD su minijaturne verzije SD kartica, koje imaju standardnu ​​veličinu od 15 × 11 × 1 mm . microSD je također stara vrsta memorijske kartice, s maksimalnim kapacitetom pohrane od 2 GB. Njihova fizička veličina zadržana je za novije verzije microSDHC, microSDXC i microSDUC kartica. Također, ljudi ove kartice nazivaju microSD karticama, iako to tehnički nije točno.
• miniSD kartice su manje od običnih SD kartica, ali veće od microSD kartica: 21,5 × 20 × 1,4 mm . Inače, imaju isti raspon kapaciteta pohrane kao SD/microSD kartice.
• SDHC (Secure Digital High Capacity) kartice su identične SD-u po veličini, dimenzijama i brzini, ali imaju raspon kapaciteta pohrane između 2 GB i 32 GB. Također, SDHC kartice su standardno formatirane u FAT32 .
• microSDHC je minijaturizirana verzija SDHC -a . micro SDHC kartice također mogu na njih pohraniti do 32 GB podataka.
• miniSDHC kartice imaju istu veličinu kućišta kao miniSD kartice, ali iste specifikacije kao SDHC , s veličinom pohrane do 32 GB.
• SDXC (Secure Digital Extended Capacity) je poboljšana verzija SDHC -a . Zadržavajući iste fizičke aspekte kao SD, SDXC kartice mogu držati do 2 TB datoteka, a također pružaju veće brzine prijenosa podataka. SDXC kartice formatirane su prema zadanim postavkama koristeći exFAT datotečni sustav.
• microSDXC kartice imaju istu fizičku veličinu kao i microSD i microSDHC kartice, ali su brže, a njihov kapacitet pohrane teoretski može doseći 2 TB.
• SDUC (Secure Digital Ultra Capacity) kartice zadržavaju istu fizičku konstrukciju SD/SDHC/SDXC kartica, ali njihov je maksimalni kapacitet pohrane puno veći, s teorijskim maksimumom od 128 TB. Prema zadanim postavkama, SDUC kartice dolaze formatirane pomoću exFAT -a .
• microSDUC je minijaturizirana verzija SDUC-a^(SDUC) . Imaju istu veličinu kao microSD/microSDHC/microSDXC kartice, ali sve prednosti u brzini i prostoru za pohranu običnih SDUC kartica.

Kako biste lakše shvatili sve ove podatke, pogledajte usporedbu u nastavku:

Kao što ste mogli primijetiti s popisa, nismo spomenuli miniSDXC ili miniSDUC kartice. To je zato što je ovaj format veličine napušten, a takve memorijske kartice nisu dostupne na tržištu.

Koliko su brze SD memorijske kartice i što znači klasa brzine kartice?

Kada se govori o brzini SD kartica, ocjene i klasifikacije koje vidite na njima odnose se na uzastopne brzine čitanja i/ili pisanja. Glavni čimbenik koji treba uzeti u obzir kada gledate oglašene brzine SD kartice je brzina njezine sabirnice. Na primjer, na nekim SD karticama možete vidjeti stvari poput UHS ili UHS-II koje su ispisali njihovi proizvođači.

Ove informacije vam mogu pomoći da shvatite koliko je brza SD kartica u normalnim uvjetima. Danas se najčešće koriste autobusi na SD karticama:

• Zadana^(Default) brzina sabirnice znači da SD kartica s ovom ocjenom (ili bez ocjene) može čitati i pisati podatke brzinom do 12,5 MB/s .
• Velika brzina (HS)^{(High Speed (HS))} nudi dvostruko veću zadanu brzinu - 25 MB/s za čitanje i upisivanje podataka na SD karticu.
• UHS-I (Ultra High Speed ​​I) SD kartice mogu postići brzinu čitanja/pisanja od 50 MB/s (full-duplex) kada se podaci prenose u oba smjera i do 104 MB/s kada se podaci prenose samo u jednom smjeru (pola -dupleks, čitanje ili pisanje).
• UHS-II (Ultra High-Speed ​​II) povećava brzinu čitanja/pisanja do 156 MB/s u punom dupleksu i 312 MB/s u poludupleksu.
• UHS-III (Ultra High Speed ​​III) ide još više, dostižući 312 MB/s u full-duplex načinu i 624 MB/s u poludupleks načinu.

UHS sabirnice nalaze se samo na SDHC , SDXC , SDUC karticama i njihovim mikro varijantama. UHS sabirnice ne podržavaju prve generacije SD kartica.

Drugi važan čimbenik u određivanju brzine čitanja i pisanja SD kartice je ocjena klase. Ova ocjena nam govori o minimalnoj trajnoj brzini memorijske kartice, mjerenoj u prenesenim megabajtima u sekundi. Ocjene klase SD^{(SD Class)} podijeljene su u tri različite kategorije:

• Klasa brzine^{(Speed Class)} koristi se za SDHC memorijske kartice i može biti jednaka 2, 4, 6, 8 ili 10. Svaki broj vam govori o minimalnoj brzini izraženoj u MB/s . Na primjer, klasa brzine^{(Speed Class)} 2 znači da memorijska kartica ima minimalnu trajnu brzinu od 2 MB/s . SD kartica klase 10^{(A Class 10)} ima minimalnu brzinu od 10 MB/s i tako dalje.
• UHS klasa^{(UHS Speed Class)} brzine je ocjena brzine koja se koristi za SDHC i SDXC memorijske kartice koje koriste UHS sabirnicu. UHS klase brzine^{(UHS Speed Classes)} mogu imati jednu od dvije vrijednosti: 1 ili 3. Memorijska kartica s UHS klasom 1^{(UHS Class 1)} znači da je njezina minimalna brzina jednaka 10 MB/s , dok kartica UHS klase 3^{(UHS Class 3)} ima minimalnu brzinu od 30 MB/s .
• Video Speed ​​Class , ili ukratko V klasa , koristi se kao ocjena za memorijske kartice dizajnirane za rad s uređajima za snimanje videa. ^{(V Class)}Ova ocjena vas jamči da kartica može podržavati minimalne brzine potrebne za snimanje videa. Postoji pet V klasa^{(V Class)} : V6, V10 , V30 , V60 i V90 . Brojevi koji dolaze iza V govore o minimalnoj brzini kartice. Na primjer, V10 znači da kartica ima brzinu prijenosa od najmanje 10 MB/s u najgorem scenariju, V60 radi na minimalnoj brzini od 60 MB/s i tako dalje.

Da biste sumirali razlike u brzini, pogledajte donju tablicu:

Jedan od najčešćih slučajeva korištenja SD kartica je osiguravanje prostora za pohranu video zapisa. Bez obzira koristite li video kameru, akcijsku kameru ili čak pametni telefon, nije dovoljno samo kupiti memorijsku karticu s puno prostora za vaše snimke. Također biste trebali dobro pogledati koliko je brza memorijska kartica kako biste bili sigurni da može podnijeti video snimanje u razlučivosti koju želite. Pročitajte donju tablicu u kojoj možete vidjeti koje klase brzine^(Speed) vaša kartica treba imati za različite vrste scenarija snimanja videa:

Što je Compact Flash i tko koristi CF memorijske kartice?

CompactFlash , mnogima poznat pod akronimom CF , format je memorijske kartice koji se uglavnom koristi u profesionalnim i vrhunskim digitalnim foto i video kamerama. Canon i Nikon su među tvrtkama koje su odlučile koristiti CompactFlash na svojim elektroničkim uređajima.

U prošlosti su CF kartice nudile i veći kapacitet pohrane i veće brzine prijenosa podataka nego druge vrste memorijskih kartica. Zato su CompactFlash kartice preferirali fotografski i video profesionalci. Neki su također više voljeli CF kartice zbog njihove veće fizičke veličine, što ih je činilo lakšim za rukovanje i teže gubiti.

Zbog svog većeg kapaciteta pohrane, kao i velike brzine, CompactFlash kartice su se dobro držale na tržištu te se i danas koriste i dostupne. Postoje dvije vrste CF kartica:

• CompactFlash I kartice imaju kapacitet pohrane koji može doseći 128 PB (maksimalno dostupno u stvarnom svijetu trenutno je 512 GB) i standardnu ​​fizičku veličinu od 43 × 36 × 3,3 mm.
• CompactFlash II kartice imaju iste specifikacije kao Type I, ali su deblje: 43 × 36 × 5 mm.

CompactFlash je zamijenjen CFexpressom^(CFexpress) , vrstom memorijskih kartica koje mogu biti nevjerojatno brze jer koriste PCI Express 3.0 i podržavaju NVMe . Nažalost, CFexpress kartice nisu unatrag kompatibilne s CF utorima jer imaju različite fizičke veličine (38,5 × 29,8 × 3,8 mm) i koriste novije tehnologije.

Imate li još pitanja o memorijskim karticama?

Nadamo se da vam je ovaj članak bio od pomoći i da ste sada bolje razumjeli različite vrste memorijskih kartica. Prije zatvaranja, recite nam imate li još pitanja o memorijskim karticama. Imate li što dodati našem vodiču? Koristite odjeljak za komentare u nastavku da nas obavijestite.

What are the different types of memory cards? What do their specs mean?

Do you have a new DSLR cаmera, an аction camera, or maybe a new smartphone? Do you want to add a memory card to it? Are уou wondering how to choose the right memory card? Bеfore you do that, you need to understand what are the dіfferent types of memory cards out there, and which fits your specific device. Read this article to ѕee the most common mеmory cards used rіght now, what their names mean, what Speed Class ratings аre, and more:

What is a memory card?

Memory cards are small electronic devices designed to store information. They typically use flash memory, just like USB memory sticks or solid-state drives. Memory cards are used inside digital cameras, smartphones, tablets, media players, laptops, mobile consoles, surveillance cameras, and even in some desktop computers. Because they use flash memory, the information saved on a memory card is not lost when you unplug it. It also means that you can copy, move, and delete files, as well as format memory cards whenever you want.

Unlike USB flash drives, for memory cards, you don't use a USB port to plug them into other devices. Instead, memory cards directly connect via special hardware interfaces, called slots, available on the devices that support them.

How many different types of memory cards are there?

Decades ago, there were many different types of memory cards available, created by many hardware manufacturers. Although many companies tried to set their own memory card standards, only a few have managed to win the competition. Today, most memory cards are part of one of the two main families: Secure Digital and CompactFlash. Let's see what each of them has to offer:

What are the different types of SD cards?

Secure Digital, better known by its SD acronym, includes many different types of SD cards, with different shapes and sizes:

• SD (Secure Digital) - an old type of memory card that has storage capacities up to 2 GB, formatted by default in FAT16. SD cards have a physical size of 32 × 24 × 2.1 mm. This size has become the norm for all the other, newer versions of SD cards, such as SDHC, SDXC, or SDUC. Nowadays, many people are using the term SD to refer to the newer SDHC, SDXC, or SDUC memory cards too.
• microSD are miniaturized versions of SD cards, which have a standard size of 15 × 11 × 1 mm. microSD is also an old type of memory card, with a maximum storage capacity of 2 GB. Their physical size was kept for the newer versions of microSDHC, microSDXC, and microSDUC cards. Also, people refer to these cards as microSD cards, although that is not technically correct.
• miniSD cards are smaller than regular SD cards but larger than microSD cards: 21.5 × 20 × 1.4 mm. Otherwise, they have the same storage capacity range as SD/microSD cards.
• SDHC (Secure Digital High Capacity) cards are identical to SD in terms of size, dimensions, and speed, but have a range of storage capacity between 2 GB and 32 GB. Also, SDHC cards are formatted by default in FAT32.
• microSDHC is the miniaturized version of SDHC. microSDHC cards can also store up to 32 GB of data on them.
• miniSDHC cards have the same body size as miniSD cards, but the same specs as SDHC, with a storage size of up to 32 GB.
• SDXC (Secure Digital Extended Capacity) is an improved version of SDHC. While keeping the same physical aspects as SD, SDXC cards can hold up to 2 TB of files, and also provide faster data transfer speeds. SDXC cards are formatted, by default, using the exFAT file system.
• microSDXC cards have the same physical size as microSD and microSDHC cards, but they're faster, and their storage capacity can theoretically go up to 2 TB.
• SDUC (Secure Digital Ultra Capacity) cards retain the same physical build of SD/SDHC/SDXC cards, but their maximum storage capacity is much greater, with a theoretical maximum of 128 TB. By default, SDUC cards come formatted using exFAT.
• microSDUC is the miniaturized version of SDUC. They have the same size as microSD/microSDHC/microSDXC cards, but all the benefits in speed and storage space of regular SDUC cards.

To help you make sense of all this data, take a look at the comparison below:

As you might have noticed from the list, we did not mention miniSDXC or miniSDUC cards. That's because this size format has been abandoned, and there are no such memory cards available on the market.

How fast are SD memory cards, and what does card speed class mean?

When referring to the speed of SD cards, the ratings and classifications you see on them refer to the sequential read and/or write speeds. The main factor to take into consideration when you're looking at the advertised speeds of an SD card is how fast its bus is. For example, on some SD cards, you might see things such as UHS or UHS-II printed by their manufacturers.

This information can help you understand how fast an SD card is rated to be, under normal conditions. The commonly used buses on SD cards nowadays are:

• Default bus speed means that the SD card with this rating (or no rating at all) can read and write data at up to 12.5 MB/s.
• High Speed (HS) offers double the default speed - 25 MB/s for both reading and writing data on the SD card.
• UHS-I (Ultra High Speed I) SD cards can reach a read/write speed of 50 MB/s (full-duplex) when data is transferred both ways and up to 104 MB/s when data is transferred one way only (half-duplex, read or write).
• UHS-II (Ultra High-Speed II) increases the read/write speeds up to 156 MB/s in full-duplex and 312 MB/s in half-duplex.
• UHS-III (Ultra High Speed III) goes even higher, reaching 312 MB/s in full-duplex mode and 624 MB/s in half-duplex mode.

The UHS buses are only found on SDHC, SDXC, SDUC cards, and their micro variants. UHS buses are not supported by first generation SD cards.

The second important factor in determining the read and write speeds of an SD card is its Class rating. This rating tells us the minimum sustained speed of a memory card, measured in transferred megabytes per second. SD Class ratings are divided into three different categories:

• Speed Class is used for SDHC memory cards and can be equal to 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10. Each number tells you the minimum speed expressed in MB/s. For example, a Speed Class of 2 means that the memory card has a minimum sustained speed of 2 MB/s. A Class 10 SD card has a minimum speed of 10 MB/s, and so on.
• UHS Speed Class is a speed rating used for SDHC and SDXC memory cards that use a UHS bus. The UHS Speed Classes can have one of two values: 1 or 3. A memory card with UHS Class 1 means its minimum speed is equal to 10 MB/s, while a UHS Class 3 card has a minimum speed of 30 MB/s.
• Video Speed Class, or V Class in short, is used as a rating for memory cards designed to work with video recording devices. This rating assures you that a card can support the minimum speeds needed for recording video. There are five V Classes: V6, V10, V30, V60, and V90. The numbers that come after V tell you the minimum sustained speed of the card. For example, V10 means that the card has a transfer speed of at least 10 MB/s in the worst scenario, V60 works at a minimum speed of 60 MB/s, and so on.

To summarize the speed differences, take a look at the table below:

One of the most common use cases for SD cards is for providing storage space for video recordings. Whether you use a video camera, an action cam, or even a smartphone, it is not enough to just buy a memory card with a lot of space for your recordings. You should also take a good look at how fast that memory card is, to make sure that it can handle video recording in the resolution you prefer. Read the table below, where you can see what Speed Classes your card should have for different types of video recording scenarios:

What is Compact Flash and who's using CF memory cards?

CompactFlash, known by many under its acronym CF, is a memory card format that's mainly used in professional and high-end digital photo and video cameras. Canon and Nikon are among the companies that choose to use CompactFlash on their electronic devices.

In the past, CF cards used to offer both larger storage capacities and faster data transfer speeds than other types of memory cards did. That's why CompactFlash cards were preferred by photo and video professionals. Some also liked CF cards more because of their bigger physical size, which made them easier to handle and harder to lose.

Because of their larger storage capacity, as well as their fast speeds, CompactFlash cards have held well on the market and are still used and available today. There are two types of CF cards:

• CompactFlash I cards have storage capacities that can go up to 128 PB (maximum available in the real world right now is 512 GB) and a standard physical size of 43 × 36 × 3.3 mm.
• CompactFlash II cards have the same specs as Type I but are thicker: 43 × 36 × 5 mm.

CompactFlash has been superseded by CFexpress, a type of memory cards that can be incredibly fast, as they're using PCI Express 3.0 and support NVMe. Unfortunately, CFexpress cards are not backward compatible with CF slots, as they have both different physical sizes (38.5 × 29.8 × 3.8 mm) and use newer technologies.

Do you have any other questions about memory cards?

We hope that this article has been helpful and that you now have a better grasp of the different types of memory cards. Before closing, tell us if you have any other questions about memory cards. Do you have anything to add to our guide? Use the comments section below to let us know.

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