Ponekad vam je potrebna aplikacija ili skripta za nastavak rada bez obzira na to jeste li prijavljeni na računalo ili ne. Možda je to PowerShell skripta za praćenje portova^{(PowerShell script to monitor ports)} ili web poslužitelj koji hostira stranicu na vašoj kućnoj mreži^{(web server hosting a page on your home network)} .

Poanta je da ako želite da proces, skripta ili program rade sve dok je računalo uključeno, morat ćete stvoriti uslugu Windows^{(Windows Service)} .

Što mi je potrebno za stvaranje Windows usluge?^{(What Do I Need to Create a Windows Service?)}

Da biste stvorili Windows uslugu u sustavu Windows 10^{(Windows 10)} , postoji nekoliko preduvjeta: 

• Administratorski^{(Administrator)} pristup na računalu
• Nešto za pokretanje kao usluga ( PowerShell skripta^{(PowerShell Script)} , program itd.)
• Instaliran je Non-Sucking Service Manager ( NSSM ) .

Što je upravitelj usluga bez sisanja?^{(What Is the Non-Sucking Service Manager?)}

Da, ne možete izbaciti takvo ime bez objašnjenja. Naravno da je ime nesretno, ali je točno. Non-Sucking Service Manager ( NSSM ) vjerojatno je najlakši način za stvaranje Windows usluge koja je i vrlo pouzdana i podesiva. Osim toga, besplatan je i softver otvorenog koda^{(Open Source Software)} (OSS).

NSSM se može koristiti putem Windows Command Prompt -a ili grafičkog korisničkog sučelja ( GUI ). To znači da ga svatko može koristiti. NSSM se može koristiti na bilo kojoj verziji sustava Windows koja se vraća na, uključujući, Windows 2000 . Postoje 32-bitne i 64-bitne^{(32-bit and 64-bit)} verzije. Ako koristite 64-bitno računalo, prvo isprobajte tu verziju. Ako ne uspije, vratite se na 32-bitnu verziju. 

NSSM možete preuzeti s web stranice^{(download NSSM from the website)} , klonirati NSSM s Gita^{(clone NSSM from Git)} ili instalirati NSSM s Chocolatey^{(install NSSM with Chocolatey)} . Chocolatey je upravitelj paketa za Windows^{(Chocolatey is a package manager for Windows)} . Metode instalacije^{(Installation)} će se razlikovati ovisno o tome kojim putem idete. Molimo^(Please) pogledajte upute NSSM -a. ^(NSSM)Za naš primjer, preuzimamo s web- mjesta NSSM^(NSSM) - a i instaliramo ga u C:\WINDOWS\system32 .

Stvorite Windows uslugu s NSSM-om^{(Create a Windows Service With NSSM)}

Za ovaj primjer, kreirat ćemo uslugu iz PowerShell skripte^{(PowerShell script)} za bilježenje prosječnog postotka opterećenja CPU-a^{(CPU average load percentage)} . 

1. Kopirajte i spremite ovu skriptu kao log-CPULoadPercentage.ps1 na mjesto kojem nitko drugi vjerojatno neće pristupiti. Pokušajte stvoriti direktorij C:/Scripts i pohraniti ga tamo. Također stvorite mapu u Skriptama^(Scripts) pod nazivom Dnevnici^(Logs) . Imajte na umu da je put do skripte C:/Scripts/log-CPULoadPercentage.ps1 . To će ti trebati kasnije.

Napomena^(Note) : Svi redovi ispod praćeni simbolom # su komentari i neće utjecati na skriptu.

CLS #Optional. I like to use this to clear the terminal when testing.

#Make sure you have a folder called Logs in the same directory as this script
#The log is where the records will be stored.
Start-Transcript -Path "$PSScriptRoot\Logs\log-CPULoadPercentage-$(get-date -f yyyy-MM-dd).txt" -Append

#While loop keeps it running until manually stopped
While ($True){
     #Creates a timestamp to know when the measurement was taken
     $timeStamp = get-date -f yyyy-MM-h:mm:ss

     #Gets the average load percentage at that time, then waits 5 seconds to do it again.
     $cpuLoadPercent = Get-CimInstance win32_processor | Measure-Object -Property LoadPercentage -Average | Select-Object Average;Start-Sleep -Seconds 5

     #Isolates just the average so there isn't a weird @{Average=13} string
     $cpuLoadPercent = $cpuLoadPercent.Average

     #writes results to screen, or in this case to the log
     Write-Host "$timeStamp CPU Load Percentage $cpuLoadPercent"
}

Stop-Transcript

1. To se može učiniti u Windows Command Prompt ili PowerShell. Otvorite ga kao administrator^{(Open it as Administrator)} .
2. Unesite naredbu nssm install logCPUAvg i pokrenite je. Otvorit će se prozor programa za instalaciju NSSM usluge^{(NSSM service installer)} .

1. Kliknite^(Click) na gumb elipse pored polja Put^(Path:) :, idite na powershell.exe koji se inače nalazi na C:\Windows\System32\ . Odaberite powershell.exe. Polja Path: i Startup directory: automatski će se popuniti.

1. Unesite sljedeće u polje Arguments: -ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -NoProfile -File “C:\PathToScript\get-Script.ps1” , gdje je zadnji dio put do vaše PowerShell skripte i naziv skripte.  

1. Odaberite karticu Detalji^(Details) . Unesite ono što želite da se usluga prikazuje kao u upravitelju Windows usluga^(Services) u polje Display name:. ^{(Display name: )}Zatim unesite što radi u polje Opis :. ^{(Description:)}Vrsta pokretanja:^{(Startup type: )} može se postaviti kao Automatski^(Automatic) , Automatski (odgođeni početak)^{(Automatic (Delayed Start))} , Ručno^(Manual) ili Onemogućeno^(Disabled) . Za ovu vježbu, Automatsko^(Automatic) je dobro.

1. Odaberite karticu Prijava^{(Log on )} . Odaberite radio gumb Ovaj račun^{(This account)} : i unesite račun i lozinku pod kojima će se usluga pokrenuti. Morat ćete odabrati račun pod kojim će se usluga pokrenuti. U idealnom slučaju, imat ćete Windows račun kreiran samo za pokretanje ove usluge. Dozvole ovog računa trebaju biti ograničene samo na ono što usluga treba učiniti. Možete odabrati račun lokalnog sustava^{(Local System account)} , ali se to ne preporučuje iz sigurnosnih razloga.

Postoji nekoliko drugih kartica koje se mogu koristiti za prilagodbu usluge. Za ovu vježbu dovoljne su zadane vrijednosti u tim karticama. Odaberite gumb Instaliraj uslugu .^{(Install service )}

1. Kada je usluga instalirana, vidjet ćete da je Service “logCPUAvg” installed successfully! prozor. Odaberite OK da biste ga zatvorili. Time je instalacija završena.

1. Otvorite Windows Services Manager i provjerite postoji li usluga.

1. Pokrenite^(Run) uslugu kako biste bili sigurni da će raditi.

1. Da biste provjerili radi li se ova usluga, upotrijebite File Explorer za navigaciju do mjesta gdje bi dnevnik trebao biti spremljen da vidite postoji li.

nssm-check-log.png

Uklanjanje usluge Windows pomoću NSSM-a^{(Removing a Windows Service With NSSM)}

Možda više ne trebate pratiti^{(monitor your CPU)} opterećenje CPU-a, pa biste se htjeli riješiti usluge. Srećom, NSSM to olakšava. 

1. U upravitelju Windows usluga^{(Windows Services Manager)} zaustavite uslugu. Učinite to odabirom usluge Log CPU Average Load , a zatim odabirom kvadratnog gumba za zaustavljanje na alatnoj traci ili veze Zaustavi uslugu^{(Stop the service)} na lijevoj strani.

1. Otvorite ili Windows Command Prompt ili PowerShell kao administrator.
2. Unesite naredbu nssm remove logCPUAvg i izvršite naredbu. 

1. NSSM će od vas tražiti da potvrdite. Odaberite Da^(Yes) .

1. Kada se usluga ukloni, vidjet ćete da je Service “logCPUAvg” removed successfully! Potvrda. Odaberite U redu^(OK) i gotovi ste.

To je sve. Dobro je provjeriti upravitelja usluga kako biste bili sigurni da usluga više nije tu. Ako i dalje vidite uslugu, možda ćete morati osvježiti zaslon i trebao bi nestati.

Usluge su izvrstan način za pokretanje aplikacija ili skripti koje se moraju izvoditi cijelo vrijeme, ponovno se pokrenuti ako ne uspiju ili trebaju privilegije drugačije od trenutačnog korisnika. Ako ne trebate svoju aplikaciju ili skriptu za sve te stvari, razmislite o korištenju zakazanog zadatka^{(using a Scheduled Task)} .

How To Create a Windows Service

Sometіmes yоu need an app or script to keep running whether you’re logged into your computer or not. Maybe it’s a PowerShell script to monitor ports or a web server hosting a page on your home network.

The point is that if you want a process, script, or program to run as long as the computer is on, you’ll need to create a Windows Service.

What Do I Need to Create a Windows Service?

To create a Windows service in Windows 10, there are a few prerequisites: 

• Administrator access on the computer
• Something to run as a service (PowerShell Script, program, etc.)
• Non-Sucking Service Manager (NSSM) installed

What Is the Non-Sucking Service Manager?

Yes, you can’t drop a name like that without explaining it. Sure the name is unfortunate, yet it is accurate. The Non-Sucking Service Manager (NSSM) is arguably the easiest way to create a Windows service that is both highly reliable and configurable. Plus, it’s free and Open Source Software (OSS).

NSSM can be used through the Windows Command Prompt, or a graphical user interface (GUI). This means anyone can use it. NSSM can be used on any version of Windows going back to, and including, Windows 2000. There are 32-bit and 64-bit versions. If you’re using a 64-bit computer, try that version first. If it doesn’t work, fall back to the 32-bit version. 

You can download NSSM from the website, clone NSSM from Git, or install NSSM with Chocolatey. Chocolatey is a package manager for Windows. Installation methods will vary depending on which route you take. Please consult NSSM’s instructions. For our example, we’re downloading from the NSSM website and installing it in C:\WINDOWS\system32.

Create a Windows Service With NSSM

For this example, we’ll create a service out of a PowerShell script to log CPU average load percentage. 

1. Copy and save this script as log-CPULoadPercentage.ps1 to a place that’s not likely to be accessed by anyone else. Try creating the directory C:/Scripts and storing it there. Also, create a folder in Scripts called Logs. Note that the path to the script is C:/Scripts/log-CPULoadPercentage.ps1. You’ll need that later.

Note: All lines below followed by the # symbol are comments and won’t affect the script.

CLS #Optional. I like to use this to clear the terminal when testing.

#Make sure you have a folder called Logs in the same directory as this script
#The log is where the records will be stored.
Start-Transcript -Path "$PSScriptRoot\Logs\log-CPULoadPercentage-$(get-date -f yyyy-MM-dd).txt" -Append

#While loop keeps it running until manually stopped
While ($True){
     #Creates a timestamp to know when the measurement was taken
     $timeStamp = get-date -f yyyy-MM-h:mm:ss

     #Gets the average load percentage at that time, then waits 5 seconds to do it again.
     $cpuLoadPercent = Get-CimInstance win32_processor | Measure-Object -Property LoadPercentage -Average | Select-Object Average;Start-Sleep -Seconds 5

     #Isolates just the average so there isn't a weird @{Average=13} string
     $cpuLoadPercent = $cpuLoadPercent.Average

     #writes results to screen, or in this case to the log
     Write-Host "$timeStamp CPU Load Percentage $cpuLoadPercent"
}

Stop-Transcript

1. This can be done in either the Windows Command Prompt or PowerShell. Open it as Administrator.
2. Enter the command nssm install logCPUAvg and run it. The NSSM service installer window will open.

1. Click on the ellipses button next to the Path: field, navigate to the powershell.exe that’s normally located at C:\Windows\System32\. Select powershell.exe. The Path: and Startup directory: fields will be automatically populated.

1. Enter the following in the Arguments: field: -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -NoProfile -File “C:\PathToScript\get-Script.ps1”, where the last part is the path to your PowerShell script and the script name.  

1. Select the Details tab. Enter what you’d like the service to show up as in the Windows Services manager into the Display name: field. Then, enter what it does in the Description: field. The Startup type: can be set as Automatic, Automatic (Delayed Start), Manual, or Disabled. For this exercise, Automatic is good.

1. Select the Log on tab. Select This account: radio button and enter the account and password that the service will run as. You’ll need to choose an account under which the service will run. Ideally, you’ll have a Windows account created just for running this service. This account’s permissions should be limited to only what the service needs to do. You can choose the Local System account, but it’s not recommended for security reasons.

There are several other tabs that can be used to customize the service. For this exercise, the default values in those tabs are sufficient. Select the Install service button.

1. When the service is installed, you’ll see the Service “logCPUAvg” installed successfully! window. Select OK to close it. That concludes the installation.

1. Open the Windows Services Manager and ensure the service is there.

1. Run the service to ensure it will run.

1. To verify that this service is running, use File Explorer to navigate to where the log is supposed to be saved to see if it exists.

nssm-check-log.png

Removing a Windows Service With NSSM

Maybe you don’t need to monitor your CPU load anymore, so you’d like to get rid of the service. Fortunately, NSSM makes that easy. 

1. In the Windows Services Manager, stop the service. Do this by selecting the Log CPU Average Load service then either selecting the square stop button in the toolbar or the Stop the service link on the left side.

1. Open either the Windows Command Prompt or PowerShell as Administrator.
2. Enter the command nssm remove logCPUAvg and execute the command. 

1. NSSM will ask you to confirm. Select Yes.

1. When the service is removed, you’ll see the Service “logCPUAvg” removed successfully! Confirmation. Select OK and you’re done.

That’s all. It’s a good idea to check the services manager to ensure the service is no longer there. If you still see the service, you may need to refresh the screen and it should be gone.

Services are a great way to run apps or scripts that need to run all the time, restart themselves if they fail, or need privileges different from the current user. If you don’t need your app or script to do all of those things, consider using a Scheduled Task instead.

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