Razgovarajte o složenoj stvari: instalirati Windows preko mreže. Čak je i instaliranje putem USB diska jednostavnije. Međutim, to ne znači da se to ne može učiniti. Uz pomoć besplatnog alata pod nazivom Serva i malo vremena i pažnje, svatko može postaviti svoje mrežno okruženje tako da se Windows instalacije mogu izvoditi s lakoćom, s jednog mrežnog računala. Evo kako cijeli proces funkcionira!
VRLO VAŽNO Preduvjeti
Mnogo je stvari koje morate prethodno pripremiti, kako bi sve funkcioniralo bez problema. Nemojte(Please) preskočiti nijedan od ovih elemenata ili će vjerojatnost neuspjeha biti velika:
You need to download and extract a little tool named Serva. Download the appropriate version for your operating system (32-bit or 64-bit). You will notice that there are a "Non-Supporter" version and a "Supporter" version. The free one is the "Non-Supporter" version. It includes a small annoyance when you start it, plus a few limitations that won't impact you unless you are a network admin or IT professional who needs to install lots of operating systems on many network computers. If you are such a professional, go ahead and purchase the "Supporter" version which costs a fair $29.99.
"D:SERVA"
You need the original installation files for the operating system(s) you want to install over the network. Have them at hand as you will need to copy them to a special folder, as they are, without modifications.
For the computers where you are about to install Windows over the network, identify their exact network card model(s). Then, download the appropriate drivers for the Windows version you are about to install on them. By default, Windows setup programs support a limited number of network cards. If your system is rather new, then it is very likely that it won't support its network card and the installation procedure will fail.
Every time you run Serva, run it as administrator. This way it has the required permissions to create files, save the settings you make, etc.
When you run Serva, make sure that it is not blocked by your firewall. The application must be set as allowed on the computer where it runs, otherwise it won't be able to transfer anything over the network.
The computer where the installation files are stored and the one where you want to install Windows must be part of the same network. This means that you have a router on your home network, managing network IP addresses and network traffic. If not, then you should directly connect the two computers with a crossover cable.
Korak 1 - Pokrenite Serva(Run Serva) i napravite(Make) njegovu početnu(Initial) konfiguraciju
Pokrenite Servu(Run Serva) kao administrator. Besplatna verzija tražit će od vas da pričekate 7 sekundi prije nego što je možete koristiti. Nakon što čekanje završi, kliknite "Hvala, ne danas"("Thanks, not today") .
Njegov je prozor sada otvoren. Kliknite Postavke(Settings) .
Prvo idite na karticu DHCP . Ako su vaša računala dio iste mreže i za upravljanje IP adresama(IP Addresses) brine vaš usmjerivač, omogućite ove postavke: proxyDHCP i BINL .
BINL je poseban dodatak koji djeluje kao proširenje DHCP protokola i koristi ga Serva tijekom postupaka pripreme i održavanja. proxyDHCP je posebna postavka koja govori Servi(Serva) da ne mora djelovati kao DCHP poslužitelj kako bi dao IP adrese računalima koja se na njega povezuju.
Iako Servini(Serva) programeri ne preporučuju omogućavanje ove postavke, u našem smo testiranju naučili da pomaže u otklanjanju nekih problema. Stoga(Therefore) također omogućite okvir koji kaže "Vezi DHCP na ovu adresu"("Bind DHCP to this address") i ostavite zadanu IP adresu koja je navedena.
Nema potrebe mijenjati druge postavke na ovoj kartici. Zatim(Next) idite na karticu TFTP .
TFTP dolazi iz Trivial File Transfer Protocol i to je protokol koji Serva koristi za prijenos datoteka preko mreže. Ovaj protokol također treba malo konfiguracije.
Prvo označite okvir pored TFTP poslužitelja(TFTP Server) . Zatim morate odrediti tzv. "root" direktorij. Ovo je direktorij u koji planirate pohraniti instalacijske datoteke sustava Windows . (Windows)Ova mapa može biti ista mapa u koju ste izdvojili Serva ili nova. Imajte na umu da biste trebali koristiti kratke staze i izbjegavati korištenje razmaka i posebnih znakova (*, &, ", itd.) u nazivu direktorija ili njegovom putu.
Kako biste pomogli u uklanjanju problema u nekim mrežnim okruženjima, možda biste željeli također označiti okvir pored "Vezi TFTP na ovu adresu"("Bind TFTP to this address") i ostaviti zadanu IP adresu nepromijenjenom.
Pritisnite OK za spremanje postavki. Zatim zatvorite Servu(Serva) i ponovno je pokrenite (kao administrator). Tijekom ponovnog pokretanja, stvorit će posebnu strukturu mapa u korijenskoj mapi koju ste naveli.
Među(Amongst) tim mapama morate pronaći jednu pod nazivom WIA_WDS i drugu pod nazivom WIA_RIS . Ako se ne nalaze unutar korijenske mape koju ste naveli, nešto je pošlo po zlu s konfiguracijom Serve . (Serva)Ako je sve u redu, samo naprijed i pročitajte sljedeći odjeljak u ovom članku.
Korak 2 - Kopirajte instalacijske datoteke sustava Windows(Windows Installation Files)
Idite u korijensku mapu koju ste naveli. Ovdje morate kopirati instalacijske datoteke sustava Windows(Windows) , takve kakve jesu, bez ikakvih izmjena s vaše strane.
Ako želite instalirati starije verzije sustava Windows kao što su Windows XP ili Windows 2000 , morate kopirati te datoteke u mapu WIA_RIS . Budući da su ti operacijski sustavi vrlo stari i ne preporučujemo njihovu upotrebu, nećemo dati posebne upute za njih.
Ako planirate instalirati Windows Vista , Windows 7 ili Windows 8 , otvorite mapu WIA_WDS . Tamo stvorite novu mapu s nazivom prema verziji sustava Windows(Windows) koju želite kopirati. Koristite(Use) jednostavne nazive mapa, bez razmaka ili posebnih znakova. Na primjer, koristio sam Windows_7 .
Izradite(Create) zasebne mape s različitim nazivima za sve verzije sustava Windows(Windows) koje planirate instalirati preko mreže, koristeći Serva .
Unutar te mape kopirajte i zalijepite sve instalacijske datoteke za verziju sustava Windows(Windows) koju želite instalirati putem mreže. Jednostavno(Simply) idite na korijen instalacijskog diska i kopirajte cijelu njegovu strukturu datoteka i mapa.
Korak 3 - Pokrenite Serva
Ponovno pokrenite Servu(Start Serva) kao administrator i pričekajte da otkrije instalacijske datoteke koje ste dodali. Stvorit će svoju posebnu strukturu mapa, potrebnu za distribuciju instalacijskih datoteka preko mreže.
Zatim zatvorite Servu(Serva) i prijeđite na sljedeći korak.
Korak 4 - Kopirajte upravljačke programe mrežne kartice(Network Card Driver)
Zatim morate kopirati upravljačke programe mrežne kartice za računalo(a) na koje želite instalirati Windows .
Idite u mapu u koju ste kopirali instalacijske datoteke. U mom slučaju to je bio "D:serva" (i korijenska i Serva instalacijska mapa), a zatim "WIA_WDSWindows_7" .
Tamo idite na "$OEM$$1DriversNIC" . Ako ne možete pronaći ove mape, izradite ih sami.
Zatim izvadite upravljačke programe mrežne kartice i stavite ih unutra. Ako vaši upravljački programi dolaze kao setup.exe ili kao samorastavljiva arhiva, prvo je raspakirajte. Provjerite jesu li datoteke upravljačkog programa ".inf" i ".cat" pohranjene izravno u NIC mapu.
Korak 5 - Dijelite WIA_WDS mapu(WIA_WDS Folder) s mrežom
Kako bi Serva distribuirao Windows instalacijske datoteke preko mreže, potrebno ih je podijeliti s mrežom kako bi im druga računala mogla pristupiti. Nažalost, Serva zahtijeva od vas da dijelite mapu WIA_WDS (a ne njezine podmape ili druge mape) koristeći vrlo specifičan naziv za dijeljenje: WIA_WDS_SHARE . Korištenje bilo kojeg drugog naziva dijeljenja znači da će postupak instalacije vjerojatno ne uspjeti.
Da biste podijelili ovu mapu s imenom koje smo spomenuli, prvo morate omogućiti napredno dijeljenje u sustavu Windows(Windows) , a zatim je podijeliti. Evo kako napredno dijeljenje funkcionira u sustavu Windows(Windows) : Dijelite biblioteke ili mape pomoću naprednog dijeljenja(Share Libraries or Folders Using Advanced Sharing) .
Morate dati korisniku Svatko(Everyone) dopuštenja samo za čitanje. Ovu mapu također možete dijeliti s određenim korisničkim računima, čije ćete podatke za prijavu koristiti kasnije, tijekom procesa mrežne instalacije. Opet(Again) , dovoljna su dopuštenja samo za čitanje.
Korak 6 - Pokrenite Serva
Ponovno pokrenite Servu(Start Serva) koristeći administratorska dopuštenja. Otkrit će mrežne upravljačke programe koje ste dodali i napraviti nekoliko promjena, tako da se upravljački programi pravilno distribuiraju kada pokrenete postupak instalacije na drugim računalima. Sada ga možete ostaviti otvorenim i čekati mrežne veze.
Zatim idite na računalo(a) na koje želite instalirati Windows .
Korak 7 - Na ciljnom računalu(Target PC) - Omogućite Lan Booting & Boot s mreže
Idite na računalo na koje želite instalirati Windows i unesite njegov BIOS . Provjerite(Make) je li mrežno pokretanje omogućeno. Ova se postavka može nazvati "Boot from the network" ili "Boot from PXE" .
Zatim pokrenite računalo i pritisnite potrebnu tipku za otvaranje izbornika za pokretanje(Boot Menu) . Na većini računala trebate pritisnuti F12 ili F8 , ovisno o verziji BIOS- a. (BIOS)Odaberite Mreža(Network) ili PXE (opet, ovo ovisi o BIOS -u vašeg računala ), za pokretanje s mreže, koristeći Serva .
Ako je sve u redu, trebali biste vidjeti ekran sličan onom ispod, gdje se prikazuje MAC računala i mrežna kartica traži IP adresu putem DHCP -a .
Kada je računalo spojeno na mrežu, Serva učitava i prikazuje ekran s operativnim sustavima dostupnim za instalaciju. Odaberite onu koju želite i pritisnite ENTER .
Instalacijske datoteke se učitavaju i prikazuje se mali prozor pod nazivom ServaPENet . U ovom koraku Serva instalira mrežni upravljački program koji ste ranije dodali, učitava mrežne resurse i povezuje se s instalacijskom mapom Windowsa . (Windows)Ovisno o tome kako ste podijelili mapu WIA_WDS , tražit će od vas da unesete korisničko ime i lozinku za pristup. Unesite pojedinosti korisničkog računa s kojim ste ga podijelili i povežite se.
Ako je sve prošlo dobro, sada je pokrenut proces instalacije sustava Windows .(Windows)
Korak 8 - Instalirajte Windows preko mreže
Zatim nastavite s instalacijom sustava Windows(Windows) , kao i obično. Ako namjeravate instalirati Windows 8 , pogledajte ovaj vodič za instalaciju: Kako instalirati Windows 8 RTM na svoje računalo(How to Install Windows 8 RTM on Your Computer) .
Rješavanje problema sa Servom
Ako ne obratite pozornost na sve korake u ovom postupku, neke stvari vjerojatno neće uspjeti. Evo nekoliko stvari koje smo naučili tijekom eksperimentiranja s ovim alatom:
If ServaPENet returns this error: "Failed No NIC/Driver, Aborting!", it means that you forgot to copy the network card drivers as instructed at Step 4. If you copied them and you still get the error, double check that you have the correct driver for the network card of the computer where you want to install Windows, for the Windows version you are about to install. Also, double check that you copied it to the correct folder. Then, restart Serva to make sure it detects the driver before the network installation procedure starts.
If, on the target computer, Serva is not able to load at all over the network, consider enabling the "Bind DHCP to this address" and "Bind TFTP to this address" settings in the DHCP and TFTP tabs.
One last piece of advice is to check the Serva logs. The messages shown there can help you troubleshoot different problems.
Još jedan dobar savjet je ponovno pokretanje Serva svaki put kada promijenite bilo koju od njegovih postavki i svaki put kada nešto dodate u korijensku mapu.
Budući da mi nismo programeri ovog softvera, ne možemo pružiti podršku za njega i pomoći vam oko svih problema s kojima se možete susresti. Ako vam naš vodič ne pomogne, provjerite Servinu(Serva) dokumentaciju - Serva PXE/BINL - AN01: Windows Install i naprednu konfiguraciju - Napredne teme na TFTP(Advanced Topics on TFTP) -u .
Zaključak
Kao što možete vidjeti iz ovog vodiča, postavljanje stvari sa Servom(Serva) zahtijeva dosta vremena i pažnje. Međutim, to je najjednostavniji način instaliranja bilo koje moderne verzije sustava Windows putem mreže. Izvrsno radi i za kućne mreže i za male ili srednje poslovne mreže.
Ako znate druge korisne alate za instalaciju sustava Windows(Windows) putem mreže, ne ustručavajte se podijeliti ih pomoću obrasca za komentare u nastavku.
How to Install Any Version of Windows from Other Network Computers
Talk about a complex thing to do: installing Windows over the network. Even inѕtallіng it via a UЅB drive is simpler. However, this doesn't mean it cannot be done. Using а free tool named Serva and a bit of time and attention, anyone can set up his/her network environment so that Windows installations are performed with ease, from one network computer. Here's how the whole process works!
VERY IMPORTANT Prerequisites
There are many things you need to prepare beforehand, so that everything works smoothly. Please don't skip any of these elements or the likelihood of failure will be high:
You need to download and extract a little tool named Serva. Download the appropriate version for your operating system (32-bit or 64-bit). You will notice that there are a "Non-Supporter" version and a "Supporter" version. The free one is the "Non-Supporter" version. It includes a small annoyance when you start it, plus a few limitations that won't impact you unless you are a network admin or IT professional who needs to install lots of operating systems on many network computers. If you are such a professional, go ahead and purchase the "Supporter" version which costs a fair $29.99.
"D:SERVA"
You need the original installation files for the operating system(s) you want to install over the network. Have them at hand as you will need to copy them to a special folder, as they are, without modifications.
For the computers where you are about to install Windows over the network, identify their exact network card model(s). Then, download the appropriate drivers for the Windows version you are about to install on them. By default, Windows setup programs support a limited number of network cards. If your system is rather new, then it is very likely that it won't support its network card and the installation procedure will fail.
Every time you run Serva, run it as administrator. This way it has the required permissions to create files, save the settings you make, etc.
When you run Serva, make sure that it is not blocked by your firewall. The application must be set as allowed on the computer where it runs, otherwise it won't be able to transfer anything over the network.
The computer where the installation files are stored and the one where you want to install Windows must be part of the same network. This means that you have a router on your home network, managing network IP addresses and network traffic. If not, then you should directly connect the two computers with a crossover cable.
Step 1 - Run Serva & Make Its Initial Configuration
Run Serva as administrator. The free version will ask you to wait for 7 seconds before you can use it. Once the wait is over, click "Thanks, not today".
Its window is now open. Click Settings.
First, go to the DHCP tab. If your computers are part of the same network and the management of IP Addresses is taken care of by your router, enable these settings: proxyDHCP and BINL.
BINL is a special add-on that acts as a DHCP protocol extension and it is used by Serva during its preparation and maintenance procedures. proxyDHCP is a special setting that tells Serva that it doesn't need to act as a DCHP server in order to provide IP addresses to the computers connecting to it.
Even though Serva's developers don't recommending enabling this setting, we have learned in our testing that it helps eliminate some issues. Therefore, also enable the box which says "Bind DHCP to this address" and leave the default IP address that is provided.
There is no need to modify other settings in this tab. Next, go to the TFTP tab.
TFTP comes from Trivial File Transfer Protocol and it is the protocol used by Serva to transfer files over the network. This protocol needs a bit of configuration as well.
First, check the box near TFTP Server. Then, you need to specify the so called "root" directory. This is the directory where you plan to store the Windows installation files. This folder can be the same folder where you extracted Serva or a new one. Keep in mind that you should use short paths and avoid using spaces and special characters (*, &, ", etc) in the directory name or its path.
To help eliminate problems in some networking environments, you might want to also check the box near "Bind TFTP to this address" and leave the default IP address unchanged.
Press OK to save your settings. Then close Serva and start it again (as administrator). During the restart, it will create a special folder structure in the root folder you specified.
Amongst those folders, you must find one named WIA_WDS and another named WIA_RIS. If they are not found inside the root folder you specified, something went wrong with Serva's configuration. If all is well, go ahead and read the next section in this article.
Step 2 - Copy the Windows Installation Files
Go to the root folder you specified. Here, you need to copy the Windows installation files, as they are, without any modifications from your side.
If you want to install older versions of Windows like Windows XP or Windows 2000, you need to copy those files in the WIA_RIS folder. Since these operating systems are very old and we don't recommend using them, we won't provide specific instructions for them.
If you plan to install Windows Vista, Windows 7 or Windows 8, then open the WIA_WDS folder. There, create a new folder named according to the Windows version you want to copy. Use simple folder names, with no spaces or special characters. For example, I used Windows_7.
Create separate folders, with different names for all the Windows versions you plan to install over the network, using Serva.
Inside that folder, copy and paste all the installation files for the Windows version you want to install over the network. Simply go to the root of the installation disc, and copy its entire file and folder structure.
Step 3 - Start Serva
Start Serva again, as administrator and wait for it to detect the installation files you added. It will create its special folder structure, required to distribute the installation files over the network.
Then, close Serva and go to the next step.
Step 4 - Copy the Network Card Driver(s)
Next, you need to copy the network card drivers for the computer(s) on which you want to install Windows.
Go the folder where you copied the installation files. In my case it was "D:serva" (both the root and Serva installation folder), followed by "WIA_WDSWindows_7".
There, go to "$OEM$$1DriversNIC". If you can't find these folders, create them yourself.
Then, extract the network card drivers and place them inside. If your drivers come as a setup.exe or as a self-extractable archive, extract it first. Make sure the driver's ".inf" and ".cat" files are stored directly in the NIC folder.
Step 5 - Share WIA_WDS Folder with the Network
In order for Serva to distribute the Windows installation files over the network, they need to be shared with the network, so that other computers can access them. Unfortunately, Serva requires you to share the WIA_WDS folder (and not its subfolders or other folders) using a very specific share name: WIA_WDS_SHARE. Using any other share name means that the installation procedure is likely to fail.
To share this folder with the name we mentioned, you first need to enable advanced sharing in Windows and then share it. Here's how advanced sharing works in Windows: Share Libraries or Folders Using Advanced Sharing.
You must give the user Everyone read-only permissions. You can also share this folder with specific user accounts, whose login details you will use later on, during the network installation process. Again, read-only permissions are enough.
Step 6 - Start Serva
Start Serva again, using administrator permissions. It will detect the network drivers you added and make a few changes, so that the drivers are distributed correctly when you launch the installation process on other computers. You can now leave it open and waiting for network connections.
Next, go to the computer(s) where you want to install Windows.
Step 7 - On the Target PC - Enable Lan Booting & Boot from the Network
Go to the computer where you want to install Windows and enter its BIOS. Make sure networking booting is enabled. This setting can be named "Boot from the network" or "Boot from PXE".
Then, start the computer and press the required key to bring up the Boot Menu. On most computers, you need to press F12 or F8, depending on the BIOS version. Select Network or PXE (again, this depends on your computer's BIOS), to boot from the network, using Serva.
If all is well, you should see a screen similar to the one below, where the computer's MAC is displayed and the network card requests an IP address via DHCP.
When the computer is connected to the network, Serva loads and displays a screen with the operating systems available for installation. Pick the one you want and press ENTER.
The installation files are loaded and a small window named ServaPENet is shown. At this step, Serva installs the network driver you added earlier, loads network resources and connects to the Windows installation folder. Depending on how you shared the WIA_WDS folder, it will ask you to provide a username and password to access it. Type the details of the user account you shared it with and connect.
If all went well, the Windows installation process is now started.
Step 8 - Install Windows Over the Network
Next, continue with the Windows installation, as usual. If you plan to install Windows 8, check this installation guide: How to Install Windows 8 RTM on Your Computer.
Troubleshooting Problems with Serva
If you don't pay attention to all the steps in this procedure, some things are likely to fail. Here are some things we learned while experimenting with this tool:
If ServaPENet returns this error: "Failed No NIC/Driver, Aborting!", it means that you forgot to copy the network card drivers as instructed at Step 4. If you copied them and you still get the error, double check that you have the correct driver for the network card of the computer where you want to install Windows, for the Windows version you are about to install. Also, double check that you copied it to the correct folder. Then, restart Serva to make sure it detects the driver before the network installation procedure starts.
If, on the target computer, Serva is not able to load at all over the network, consider enabling the "Bind DHCP to this address" and "Bind TFTP to this address" settings in the DHCP and TFTP tabs.
One last piece of advice is to check the Serva logs. The messages shown there can help you troubleshoot different problems.
Another good tip is to restart Serva every time you change any of its settings and every time you add something to its root folder.
Since we are not the developers of this software, we cannot provide support for it and help you with all the issues you might encounter. If our guide does not help you, then double check Serva's documentation - Serva PXE/BINL - AN01: Windows Install and advanced configuration guide - Advanced Topics on TFTP.
Conclusion
As you can see from this guide, setting things up with Serva requires quite a bit of time and attention. However, it is the simplest way of installing any modern version of Windows over the network. It works great both for home networks and small or medium sized business networks.
If you know other useful tools for installing Windows over the network, don't hesitate to share them using the comments form below.
