Macov terminal je nevjerojatno moćan. Ne samo da omogućuje brže obavljanje stvari, a da vas GUI (grafičko korisničko sučelje) ne usporava, već vam omogućuje i izvršavanje zadataka koje ne možete izvršiti na bilo koji drugi način. Međutim, ne morate biti stručnjak za Terminal — ili čak voljeti koristiti tumače naredbenog retka — da biste to iskoristili.

Bilo da ste potpuno novi u Terminalu^(Terminal) ili se samo zagrijavate za njega, popis od 10 naredbi Mac Terminala^{(Mac Terminal)} u nastavku trebao bi vam pomoći da poboljšate iskustvo s vašim Macom^(Mac) . Možete ih izvršiti za nekoliko sekundi.

Čak i ako se dobro snalazite u terminalu^(Terminal) , još uvijek možete naići na čudnu naredbu koja vam je cijelo vrijeme padala ispod radara. Stoga nastavite čitati.

1. Neka vaš Mac bude budan

Sjećate li se kada je vaš ^(Remember)Mac zadnji put otišao u stanje mirovanja i na kraju pauzirao ili otkazao to preuzimanje – ili bilo što drugo – što je radilo? Ako mrzite mijenjati postavke mirovanja svaki put kada to želite zaustaviti, jednostavno pokrenite Terminal i pokrenite naredbu Mac Terminal u nastavku:^{(Mac Terminal)}

kofein^(caffeinate)

Vaš Mac neće ići u stanje mirovanja sve dok je prozor terminala otvoren. ^(Terminal)Također možete spriječiti da Mac zaspi^{(prevent the Mac from falling asleep)} na određeno vrijeme samo dodavanjem argumenta -t <time in seconds>caffeinate -t ​​3600 .

2. Promijenite format slike zaslona

Prema zadanim postavkama, vaš Mac sprema vaše snimke zaslona u PNG formatu. Ali to možete promijeniti u mnogo lakši JPG format naredbom u nastavku:

zadane postavke napisati com.apple.screencapture tip JPG^{(defaults write com.apple.screencapture type JPG)}

Osim toga, možete koristiti istu naredbu za prebacivanje na alternativne formate kao što su TIFF , BMP i PSD . Samo^(Just) zamijenite JPG (pred kraj) s ekstenzijom slike koju želite.

3. Pingirajte web stranice i uređaje

Ako imate problema s povezivanjem na web-mjesto, možete ga pokušati pingati. Jednostavno^(Simply) upišite sljedeću naredbu, ali zamijenite <host> s web adresom ili IP ( Interni protokol^{(Internal Protocol)} ) adresom. Naredba se također odnosi na uređaje unutar lokalne mreže, uključujući i sam usmjerivač.

ping <host>

Vaš Mac bi trebao više puta slati pakete podataka^{(send packets of data repeatedly)} i prikazati vrijeme odgovora u milisekundama. Pritisnite Control + C da zaustavite naredbu.

Da biste pokrenuli naredbu s određenim brojem paketa podataka, koristite argument -c <number of packets> —npr. ping -c 4 google.com .

4. Ispraznite DNS predmemoriju

Predmemorija DNS^(DNS) -a ( Sustav imena domene^{(Domain Name System)} ) vašeg Mac računala sastoji se od "razriješenih" naziva domena u obliku IP adrese. Ako DNS predmemorija zastari ili pokvari, možete naići na probleme s pristupom ili učitavanjem web-mjesta. 

Za brisanje DNS predmemorije na Macu^{(clear the DNS cache on Mac)} , pokrenite sljedeću naredbu u terminalu^(Terminal) :

sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder

Ovo morate slijediti unosom lozinke svog Mac korisničkog računa kako biste autorizirali naredbu.

Ako brisanje DNS predmemorije ne pomogne, morate pokušati izbrisati predmemoriju preglednika Safari, Chrome ili Firefox^{(clearing the Safari, Chrome, or Firefox browser cache)} .

5. Prikaži puni put datoteke u Finderu

Kada zadubite u Finder , možete dobiti zrnu o svojoj lokaciji s Path Barom^{(Path Bar)} . Možete ga aktivirati odabirom View > Show Path Bar . 

Ali također možete koristiti sljedeću naredbu da otkrijete tradicionalni put datoteke na naslovnoj traci Findera. Da biste to učinili, samo pokrenite naredbu u nastavku:

zadane postavke napisati com.apple.finder _FXShowPosixPathInTitle -bool DA;killall Finder^{(defaults write com.apple.finder _FXShowPosixPathInTitle -bool YES;killall Finder)}

Ako kasnije želite onemogućiti puni put datoteke u Finderu^(Finder) , upotrijebite sljedeću naredbu:

zadane postavke napisati com.apple.finder _FXShowPosixPathInTitle -bool NE;killall Finder^{(defaults write com.apple.finder _FXShowPosixPathInTitle -bool NO;killall Finder)}

Evo drugih načina za otkrivanje putanje datoteke na macOS-u^{(reveal the path of a file on macOS)} .

6. Preuzmite datoteke

Jeste^(Did) li znali da datoteke možete preuzeti izravno putem samog terminala^(Terminal) ? Ako imate problema s izvođenjem preuzimanja putem web-preglednika, upišite naredbu u nastavku u Terminal , zamjenjujući <url> -om za preuzimanje. 

curl -O <url>

Datoteka bi se trebala početi preuzimati odmah, zajedno s informacijama kao što su brzina preuzimanja i primljeni podaci.

Prema zadanim postavkama, naredba preuzima datoteke u korijen vašeg Mac korisničkog računa. To možete unaprijed promijeniti (na primjer u Macov imenik ^(Mac)preuzimanja^(Downloads) ) pomoću naredbe Change Directory— cd—

cd ~/Downloads/

7. Sažimanje i zaštita lozinkom mapa

Kada komprimirate osjetljivu mapu, trebali biste primijeniti zaštitu lozinkom kako biste spriječili druge da pristupe njezinom sadržaju^{(apply password-protection to prevent others from accessing it’s contents)} bez dopuštenja. Za to vam je potreban Terminal .

Počnite mijenjanjem imenika terminala^(Terminal) u mapu koja sadrži mapu koju želite komprimirati. Na primjer, ako se nalazi na radnoj površini, upišite sljedeće:

cd ~/Desktop/

Zatim slijedite naredbu u nastavku:

zip -er <output folder name.zip> <source folder name>

Zamijenite <output folder name.zip> i <source folder name> nazivima izlazne mape i izvorne mape, respektivno. 

Na primjer, ako želite komprimirati mapu s oznakom PDFs i označiti rezultirajuću ZIP datoteku istim imenom, upišite zip -er PDFs.zip PDFs . Zatim unesite i potvrdite lozinku koju želite dodati u ZIP datoteku.

8. Napravite simboličke veze

Simboličke veze su prečaci mape koji upućuju na različita mjesta na Macu^(Mac) . Prikladni su i omogućuju vam da radite svašta. Na primjer, možete promijeniti zadano odredište sigurnosne kopije za iPhone sigurnosne kopije ili sinkronizirati mape na iCloud bez mijenjanja stvari. Naredba Mac terminala^{(Mac Terminal)} za stvaranje simbolične veze je sljedeća:

ln -s </path/to/original> </path/to/link>

Zamijenite </path/to/original> s ciljnim direktorijem, a </path/to/link> s lokacijom koja bi trebala sadržavati simboličku vezu.

Snimka zaslona u nastavku prikazuje naredbu koja upućuje terminalu^(Terminal) da stvori simboličku vezu u iCloud Driveu^(Drive) koja pokazuje na mapu s oznakom PDFs unutar Macove mape Dokumenti^(Documents) .

Evo detaljnog objašnjenja o tome kako simboličke veze rade na Macu^{(how symbolic links work on the Mac)} .

9. Zakažite isključivanje ili ponovno pokretanje

Možete zakazati da se vaš Mac isključi nakon određenog vremena. Upišite sljedeću naredbu, zamjenjujući <time> s trajanjem vremena u minutama:

$ sudo shutdown -h <time>

Alternativno, možete zatražiti da se Mac ponovno pokrene zamjenom -h argumentom -r —npr. $ sudo shutdown -r 60 .

10. Govoreći Mac

Ovo je zabavna naredba:

say <words>

Zamijenite <words> s čime god želite i vaš bi Mac trebao početi govoriti čim pritisnete Enter !

Također možete natjerati Mac da govori različitim glasovima. Nekoliko primjera uključuje:

say -v fred <words>

say -v samantha <words>

Savjet:^(Tip:) upišite say -v ? i pritisnite Enter za otkrivanje dodatnih glasova.

15 dodatnih naredbi terminala^{(Additional Terminal Commands)} za Mac

Ne možete se zasititi Terminala^(Terminal) ? Evo 15 dodatnih naredbi koje biste trebali znati.

Action	Command
View Running Processes	top
Check Mac’s Uptime	uptime
Reveal IP Address	curl ipecho.net/plain; echo
Display Wireless Access Point	netstat -nr | grep default
View Hidden Files in Finder	defaults write com.apple.Finder AppleShowAllFiles true;killall Finder
Change Default Screenshot Name	defaults write com.apple.screencapture name “New Name”;killall SystemUIServer
Disable Screenshot Drop Shadows	$ defaults write com.apple.screencapture disable-shadow -bool TRUE;killall SystemUIServer
Copy Data Between Locations	ditto -V </old/path/> </new/path/>
Make Hidden Apps Hidden on Dock	defaults write com.apple.Dock showhidden -bool TRUE;killall Dock
Add Spacers to Dock	defaults write com.apple.dock persistent-apps -array-add ‘{“tile-type”=”spacer-tile”;}’;killall Dock
Restart Automatically After a Freeze	sudo systemsetup -setrestartfreeze on
Sound Like An iPhone While Charging	defaults write com.apple.PowerChime ChimeOnAllHardware -bool true;open /System/Library/CoreServices/PowerChime.app
Run Same Command	!!
Show Terminal History	history
Force-Empty the Trash	sudo rm -rf ~/.Trash/

Terminal Whiz

Gore navedene naredbe Mac Terminala^{(Mac Terminal)} nisu iscrpne, ali trebale bi pružiti mnogo slučajeva korištenja dok nastavite koristiti svoj Mac . Ako imate neke favorite koji nisu dospjeli na popis, slobodno ih podijelite u komentarima ispod.

The Top 10 Mac Terminal Commands You Should Know

The Mac’s Terminal is incredіbly powerful. Not only does іt let things get done faster without the GUI (grаphical usеr interface) slowing you down, it also allows you to perform tasks that you can’t complete any other way. However, yoυ don’t have to be a Terminal expert—or еven like using command-line interpreters—to take advantagе of it.

Whether you’re totally new to the Terminal or just warming up to it, the list of 10 Mac Terminal commands below should help you improve the experience with your Mac. You can execute them in a matter of seconds.

Even if you know your way around the Terminal, you may still run into the odd command that fell under your radar all along. So do keep reading.

1. Keep Your Mac Awake

Remember the last time your Mac went to sleep and ended up pausing or canceling that download—or whatever else—it was performing? If you hate modifying the sleep settings each time you want to stop that, simply fire up Terminal and run the Mac Terminal command below:

caffeinate

Your Mac won’t go to sleep as long as the Terminal window remains open. You can also prevent the Mac from falling asleep for a specific amount of time only by adding the -t <time in seconds> argument—e.g., caffeinate -t 3600.

2. Change Screenshot Format

By default, your Mac saves your screenshots in the PNG format. But you can change that to the much more lightweight JPG format with the command below:

defaults write com.apple.screencapture type JPG

Additionally, you can use the same command to switch to alternative formats such as TIFF, BMP, and PSD. Just replace JPG (toward the end) with the image extension you want.

3. Ping Websites and Devices

If you have issues connecting to a website, you can try pinging it. Simply type the following command but replace <host> with the web address or IP (Internal Protocol) address. The command also applies to devices within the local network, including the router itself.

ping <host>

Your Mac should send packets of data repeatedly and display the response times in milliseconds. Press Control+C to stop the command.

To run the command with a set number of data packets, use the -c <number of packets> argument—e.g., ping -c 4 google.com.

4. Flush DNS Cache

Your Mac’s DNS (Domain Name System) cache consists of “resolved” domain names in IP address form. If the DNS cache gets outdated or corrupt, you may run into issues accessing or loading websites. 

To clear the DNS cache on Mac, run the following command in Terminal:

sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder

You must follow this by entering the password of your Mac user account to authorize the command.

If deleting the DNS cache doesn’t help, you must try clearing the Safari, Chrome, or Firefox browser cache.

5. Show Full File Path in Finder

When you dig deep into Finder, you can get a bead on your location with the Path Bar. You can activate it by selecting View > Show Path Bar. 

But you can also use the following command to reveal a traditional file path on Finder’s title bar. To do that, just run the command below:

defaults write com.apple.finder _FXShowPosixPathInTitle -bool YES;killall Finder

If you want to disable the full file path in Finder at a later time, use the following command:

defaults write com.apple.finder _FXShowPosixPathInTitle -bool NO;killall Finder

Here are other ways to reveal the path of a file on macOS.

6. Download Files

Did you know that you could download files directly via the Terminal itself? If you have trouble performing a download with your web browser, type the command below into Terminal, replacing <url> with the download URL. 

curl -O <url>

The file should begin downloading right away, along with information such as download speed and data received.

By default, the command downloads files to the root of your Mac user account. You can change that beforehand (to the Mac’s Downloads directory, for example) with the Change Directory—cd—command

cd ~/Downloads/

7. Compress and Password-Protect Folders

When compressing a sensitive folder, you should apply password-protection to prevent others from accessing it’s contents without permission. For that, you need Terminal.

Start by changing the Terminal directory to the folder that contains the folder you want to compress. For example, if it’s located on the desktop, type the following:

cd ~/Desktop/

Then, follow up with the command below:

zip -er <output folder name.zip> <source folder name>

Replace <output folder name.zip> and <source folder name> with the names of the output folder and the source folder, respectively. 

For example, if you want to compress a folder labeled PDFs and label the resulting ZIP file with the same name, type zip -er PDFs.zip PDFs. Then, enter and verify the password you want to add to the ZIP file.

8. Create Symbolic Links

Symbolic links are folder shortcuts that point to different locations on the Mac. They are convenient and allow you to do all sorts of things. For example, you can change the default backup destination for iPhone backups or sync folders to iCloud without shifting things around. The Mac Terminal command to create a symlink is as follows:

ln -s </path/to/original> </path/to/link>

Replace </path/to/original> with the target directory, and </path/to/link> with the location that should contain the symlink.

The screenshot below displays a command instructing Terminal to create a symlink in iCloud Drive pointing to a folder labeled PDFs within the Mac’s Documents folder.

Here’s an in-depth explainer on how symbolic links work on the Mac.

9. Schedule Shutdown or Restart

You can schedule your Mac to shut down after a specified amount of time. Type the following command, replacing <time> with the time duration in minutes:

$ sudo shutdown -h <time>

Alternatively, you can prompt your Mac to restart by replacing -h with the -r argument—e.g., $ sudo shutdown -r 60.

10. Talking Mac

This is a fun command:

say <words>

Replace <words> with whatever you want, and your Mac should start speaking as soon as you press Enter!

You can also make the Mac speak in different voices. A couple of examples include:

say -v fred <words>

say -v samantha <words>

Tip: Type say -v ? and press Enter to reveal additional voices.

15 Additional Terminal Commands for Mac

Can’t get enough of the Terminal? Here are 15 additional commands that you should know.

Action	Command
View Running Processes	top
Check Mac’s Uptime	uptime
Reveal IP Address	curl ipecho.net/plain; echo
Display Wireless Access Point	netstat -nr | grep default
View Hidden Files in Finder	defaults write com.apple.Finder AppleShowAllFiles true;killall Finder
Change Default Screenshot Name	defaults write com.apple.screencapture name “New Name”;killall SystemUIServer
Disable Screenshot Drop Shadows	$ defaults write com.apple.screencapture disable-shadow -bool TRUE;killall SystemUIServer
Copy Data Between Locations	ditto -V </old/path/> </new/path/>
Make Hidden Apps Hidden on Dock	defaults write com.apple.Dock showhidden -bool TRUE;killall Dock
Add Spacers to Dock	defaults write com.apple.dock persistent-apps -array-add ‘{“tile-type”=”spacer-tile”;}’;killall Dock
Restart Automatically After a Freeze	sudo systemsetup -setrestartfreeze on
Sound Like An iPhone While Charging	defaults write com.apple.PowerChime ChimeOnAllHardware -bool true;open /System/Library/CoreServices/PowerChime.app
Run Same Command	!!
Show Terminal History	history
Force-Empty the Trash	sudo rm -rf ~/.Trash/

Terminal Whiz

The Mac Terminal commands above aren’t exhaustive by any means, but they should provide lots of use cases as you keep using your Mac. If you have any favorites that didn’t make the list, feel free to share them in the comments below.

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